肺内管道的冠状断层解剖学研究  

Bronchovascular Anatomy of the Lung on the Coronal Plane

作　　者：刘树伟[1] 柳澄[2] 王怀经[1] 赵振美[1] 尹群生[1] 王洪波[2] 李振平[1] 王政[1] 田广平[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学医学院解剖学教研室,山东济南250012 [2]山东省医学影像学研究所

出　　处：《解剖与临床》2005年第2期85-88,共4页Anatomy and Clinics

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金重点项目(Z2001G01)

摘　　要：目的:研究肺段支气管、肺动脉和肺静脉在冠状断面上的配布规律。方法:利用20例胸部连续冠状断层标本、4例多层螺旋CT图像,追踪观察了肺叶、肺段支气管、肺动脉和肺静脉。结果:肺段支气管和血管主要分布于从胸骨角至脊柱的10个断面里,气管杈层面是在冠状断面上追踪观察肺段支气管和血管的最佳开始层面。在冠状断面上有5个识别肺段支气管和血管的关键层面:①升主动脉层面,出现尖段静脉、后段静脉、外侧段静脉、尖后段静脉、左前段静脉和上舌段静脉;②肺动脉杈层面,于肺动脉杈或左肺动脉下方可见到左、右上肺静脉注入左心房,在11例(55%)标本中出现尖后段静脉、前段静脉和舌静脉干同时汇入左上肺静脉的情形;③气管杈层面,于气管杈下方可见到左、右下肺静脉汇入左心房;④中间支气管层面,可见到两肺下叶肺段支气管、肺动脉和肺静脉的起源;⑤胸主动脉层面,主要为两肺上段和外后底段的支气管和血管。结论:以支气管分支为向导可准确辨认肺段肺动脉和肺静脉。Objective:To explore the anatomic characteristics of the bronchi,arteries,and veins of pulmonary segements on the coronal section.Methods:Serial coronal sections of thorax of 20 adult cadavers and multislice spiral CT images of 4 healthy volunteers were used to trace the segmental bronchi,arteries,and veins.Results:The pulmonary segments are mainly distributed 10 sections from sternal angle to vertebral column.The section through the bifurcation of trachea is the best beginning part to trace the bronchovascular structures of the lung on the coronal section.There are 5 key sections for recognition of the bronchovascular structures:①On the section through ascending aorta,the apical segmental vein,posterior segmental vein,lateral segmental vein,apicoposterior segmental vein,left anterior segmental vein,and superior lingular vein appeared.②On the section through pulmonary bifurcation,the left and right superior pulmonary veins can be seen under the pulmonary bifurcation or the left pulmonary artery.On the coronal sections of 11 cadavers(55%),the apicoposterior segmental vein,anterior segmental vein,and lingular venous trunk are found to drain into the left superior pulmonary vein simultaneously.③On the section through bifurcation of trachea,the left and right inferior pulmonary veins can be seen to empty them into the left atrium under the bifurcation of trachea.④On the section through intermediate selves bronchus,the orgin of segmental bronchi,arteries,and veins of bilateral lungs can be found.⑤On the section through thoracic aorta are mainly superior segmental and lateroposterior basal segmental bronchovasclature.Conclusion:The pulmonary segmental arteries and veins can be recognized accurately by tracing the bronchi on the coronal section.

关 键 词：解剖学研究 冠状断层 肺段支气管 管道 肺内 冠状断面 螺旋CT图像 追踪观察 左上肺静脉 断层标本 升主动脉 左肺动脉 静脉注入 胸主动脉 左心房 血管 胸骨角 后段 可见 静脉干 肺下叶 出现 

分 类 号：R322.3[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]