长江口崇明东滩土壤盐度和潮间带高程对外来种互花米草生长的影响  

Effects of Salt Stress and Elevation of Tideland on the Growth of Introduced Spartina alterniflora at Dongtan of Chongming,the Yangtze River Estuary

作　　者：陈中义[1] 李博[2] 陈家宽[2] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学园艺园林学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2005年第2期6-9,共4页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30370235)

摘　　要：外来种互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)已经在长江口定居和扩散。比较了不同土壤盐度对外来种互花米草和长江口土著种海三棱藨草(Scirpusmariqueter)幼苗生长的影响,并研究互花米草在崇明东滩潮间带不同高程的生长适应性。结果表明:当土壤盐度在0～3.2%范围,互花米草能够正常生长和繁殖,而当土壤盐度达到1.6%时,海三棱藨草(Scirpusmariqueter)趋于死亡。互花米草在东滩潮间带潜在分布高程的上下限要大于海三棱藨草,随着潮间带高程的降低,互花米草的生长和繁殖减弱。互花米草对不同土壤盐度和潮间带高程的良好适应性可能是其在长江口湿地成功入侵的机制之一。The tolerance of Spartina alterniflora was compared to salt stress and the a- daptability was investigated of S.alterniflora along an elevational gradient at Dongtan of Chongming,the Yangtze River estuary through a pot experiment.The results indicated that S.alterniflora could tolerate wider range of salinity than S.mariqueter. S.alterniflora could grow and reproduce as usual under the condition of soil salinity from 0 to 3.2%,while S.mariqueter could not grow and reproduce normally when the soil salinity is higher than 1.6%.At Dongtan of Chongming,from the middle tidelands to lower tidelands,S.alterniflora adapted itself to the Dongtan wetland ecosystems, but there were a positive correlation between the elevation and the growth of S.alterniflora.The potential distribution area of S.alterniflora may be larger than that of S.mariqueter in Dongtan tidelands.The greater tolerance to salt stress and the potential occupied tidelands extensively of S.alterniflora might in some ways explain why S.alterniflora could successfully invade at the Yangtze River estuary.

关 键 词：互花米草 土壤盐度 崇明东滩 潮间带 长江口 外来种 高程 生长适应性 幼苗生长 土著种 上下限 繁殖 

分 类 号：Q949.714.2[生物学—植物学] S728.6[农业科学—林木遗传育种]