中美粉尘监测方法及其测定结果的比较  

Comparison between Chinese and US Dust Monitoring Methods and the Results

作　　者：杨海兵[1] 杨进波[1] 易桂林[1] 姬文婕[1] 李济超[1] 杨磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院,武汉430030

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2005年第3期236-238,246,共4页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家劳动卫生标准项目(编号:3-99-751)

摘　　要：[目的]比较中美两国粉尘监测方法及测定结果的比较,寻找不同测尘方法之间的换算系数。[方法]中国测定的是环境瞬时总粉尘浓度(Tchn),美国测定的是整班时间加权平均呼吸性粉尘浓度(Rus)和总粉尘浓度(Tus)。用美国的呼吸性粉尘采样器、级联撞击式采样器和中国总粉尘采样器在同一工作场所进行同步采样,运用滤膜质量法测定粉尘浓度,并用SPSS11.5软件对结果进行统计分析。[结果]①Rus与Tchn、Rus与Tus间的换算系数估计值分别为53.64%和39.89%;不同矿厂、不同工种之间的换算系数估计值有显著性差异(P<0.05);②美国方法测得的总粉尘浓度普遍高于中国方法的总粉尘浓度.两者比值1.3:1(1.1-2.0:1);③广西锡矿和汉阳铸造厂,Rus与Tchn、Rus与Tus、Tchn与Tus间的对数直线趋势和回归系数都有统计学意义(P<0.05),确定系数R2为0.22-0.71,回归系数β为0.31-1.13。而武钢耐火材料厂各采样方法测得的结果之间除Rus与Tus之间有一定的相关外(P<0.05),其他相关性不显著;④Rus与Tchn、Rus与Tus及Tchn与Tus的换算系数在锡矿与铸造厂之间不相同,差别有显著性(P<0.05)。[结论]影响换算系数的因素较多,寻找呼吸性粉尘和总粉尘间普遍适用的换算系数很困难,但在局部进行可比性分析及寻找换算系数是可行的和必要的。[Objective] The aim of this study was to estimate conversion factors between different sampling methods by comparison between Chinese and US dust monitoring methods. [Methods] The Chinese samplers measured short-term total dust concentration in environment, while the US samplers collected full-shift time-weighted average respirable dust and total dust concentrations. Dust was collected side-by-side from 7 workplaces in one mine and two factories by different instruments, including US respirable dust sampler, im-pinger sampler and Chinese total dust sampler, then the dust concentration was measured in calculating the dust mass and the data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software. [Results] (1)The estimation of conversion coefficient between US respirable dust levels(Rus) and Chinese short-term total dust concentration(Tchn) ,and Rus and US total dust concentration(Tus) were 53.64% and 39.89%,respectively; and there was obvious difference in the estimation of conversion coefficient in various units and types of work(P<0.05).(2)The total dust concentrations sampled by US sampler were always higher than those by Chinese one and the ratio was 1.3:1(1.1-2.0:1).(3)In tin mine and foundry factory, there was obvious significance about the linear regression and regression coefficient between Rus and Tchn , Rus and Tus,or Tchn and Tus(P<0.05); the range of identification coefficient(R2) was 0.22 to 0.71 and the range of slope(β) was 0.31 to 1.13. But there was no obvious correlation except between Rus and Tus(P<0.05) in Wuhan steel and iron factory. (4)There were notable differences between tin mine and foundry factory about the conversion factors of Rus vs Tchn, Rus vs Tus or Tchn vs Tus( P<0.05) . [Conclusion] Obviously,it is difficult to determine an ordinary conversion factor between total dust and respirable dust level because there are many uncontrollable factors. It might be,however,practicable and necessary to analyze the correlation and to explore local conversion factors in locations.

关 键 词：粉尘监测 总粉尘 呼吸性粉尘 换算系数 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]