单克隆抗体治疗的过去、现在和未来  

Foretime, actuality, and futurity: reviews on the therapy of monoclonal antibodies

作　　者：李莉[1] 王丽花[2] 孔宪涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学附属第一人民医院检验科,上海200080 [2]上海长征医院实验诊断科,上海200003

出　　处：《免疫学杂志》2005年第B06期13-16,共4页Immunological Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(301701200)

摘　　要：单克隆抗体不仅在基础研究和临床诊断中发挥着重要作用,单克隆抗体药物也在经历了鼠抗体的异源性和全抗体的大分子蛋白进入人体后引起免疫排斥和难于渗透组织的困顿之后,目前正以其“高度特异性”在临床显示出无可替代的优势。对抗体异源性的改造经历了人——鼠嵌合抗体、人源化抗体和基因文库技术使人型抗体的生产走向可能。Fab片段有效解决了全抗体的大分子问题。单纯抗体和“生物导弹“已进入临床,分别通过中和或封闭靶分子与通过抗体的靶向作用使其携带的药物,细胞毒素,凋亡诱导剂或放射性核素等“生物导弹”定向于靶,发挥低毒高效的杀伤作用。Monoclonal antibodies are playing an important role not only in the field of basic research of life science but also in clinical diagnosis. With high specificity, monoclonal antibody drug now is showing an incomparable advantage in disease therapy by overcome the heterogeneity of murine antibody and the huge molecule weight of whole antibody. Reforming of the heterogeneity of murine antibody has expressed human-mouse chimerical antibody, humanized antibody and gene library technology. Fab is a kind of popular antibody with a lower molecule weight and higher bioactivity. Now in clinical there are two kinds of antibody medicines, one is the antibody which could neutralize or block targeted molecules, and another is so called 'bio-guide missile' combing with killers such as drugs, cellular toxin, apoptosis inductor and radio-nuclide. The 'bio-guide missile' kills target with high specificity and low side effective.

关 键 词：单克隆抗体 药物 基因工程抗体 生物导弹 

分 类 号：R392.1[医药卫生—免疫学]