挠力河流域丹顶鹤、白枕鹤种群动态及其与环境关系研究  

The Study on Population Dynamic of Red-crowned Crane and White-Naped Crane in Naolihe River Basin, Heilongjiang Province, China

作　　者：李晓民[1] 刘学昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《湿地科学》2005年第2期127-131,共5页Wetland Science

基　　金：日本JIAC项目;黑龙江省挠力河湿地自然保护项目。

摘　　要：鹤类属大型涉禽,由于数量稀少,均被列为国家级重点保护鸟类。于1999～2001年在黑龙江省挠力河国家级保护区的长林岛和雁窝岛分别设立9个和8个固定观测点,对丹顶鹤(Grusjaponensis)和白枕鹤(Grusvipio)种群数量动态进行连续监测。长林岛、雁窝岛各年度同期(月)鹤类种群数量统计表明,长林岛、雁窝岛丹顶鹤年度间同期种群数量间的相关性不显著,而白枕鹤年度间同期的种群数量密切相关,且两地不同年度同期白枕鹤种群总数的相关性尤为显著,这说明丹顶鹤生活史各阶段有不同的生境需求,保护区不能提供丹顶鹤需求的全部生境类型;而白枕鹤生活史各阶段选择的生境单一,领域较为固定;对不同年度鹤类数量的统计分析看出,丹顶鹤与白枕鹤对于水域、湿草甸、沼泽生境连续3年表现出一致的选择,年度间各类生境鹤类数量的相关性显著,说明近年鹤类种群动态变化与气候因素无关;对本区不同年度各固定监测点鹤类数量动态的回归分析表明,长林岛每年同期各监测点的丹顶鹤与白枕鹤数量回归显著,说明丹顶鹤与白枕鹤同域分布,但有季节差异,而雁窝岛各监测点年度间的鹤类数量回归不显著,这显然是人为干扰造成的。调查证明影响本区鹤类数量分布变化的主要原因是人为干扰和火灾。Cranes are large waders. Because of less population, they are all listed as the nation category of protection birds in China. 3-year investigation (from 1999 to 2001) was made on number dynamic of cranes population continuously. The total 17 observing sites were set up in Naoli River Natural Reserve (9 sites in Changlindao and 8 sites in Yanwodao) for Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis) and White-naped Crane (Grus vipio). According to analysis by survey, it was not significant for the corelation of Red-crowned Crane in the same month from 1999 to 2001 in Changlindao and Yanwodao. The corelation of White-naped Crane was very significant in the same month in various years. The results showed that Red-crowned Crane had different habitats in different season, and White-naped Crane selected the same and fixed habitat in different season. Red-crowned Crane and White-naped Crane had the same selection for waters, grasslands and swamps. The number comparability was remarkable in various habitats in different years, the population changes of cranes were disrelated with climatic factors. The results of dynamic regression analysis showed corelation of population of between Red-crowned Crane and White-naped Crane were significant in every observing site during the periocl of 3 years. Red-crowned Crane and White-naped Crane live in same region, but existed differences in different season. But their corelation was not significant in every site in Yanwodao, the difference was caused by human disturbance, such as fires, reclamation and fishing.

关 键 词：丹顶鹤 白枕鹤 种群动态 生境选择 挠力河自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学]