燃油种类对汽车尾气净化催化剂性能的影响  

Influence of Fuel Types on the Performance of Auto-Exhaust Catalyst

作　　者：沈美庆[1] 贾莉伟[1] 许全瑞[1] 王军[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院绿色合成与转化教育部重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《催化学报》2005年第6期527-530,共4页

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划)资助项目(2004CB719503)

摘　　要：分别对燃用普通汽油和10%乙醇/汽油(E10)混合燃料的CG125型摩托车进行了10000km路试,比较了不同种类燃油的排放特性,并采用X射线光电子能谱,扫描电镜和电子探针考察了催化剂的积炭物种与积炭分布.结果表明,安装催化转化器后,燃用这两种燃料的摩托车尾气排放均能达到欧盟第二阶段排放标准,但催化转化器对E10尾气的净化效果明显低于普通汽油.燃用这两种燃料的摩托车尾气净化催化剂表面均存在积炭,径向不同部位积炭量顺序为中心层>过渡层>边缘层.燃用普通汽油时,催化剂表面积炭的碳物种主要是CHx,而燃用E10时的碳物种是(CH)xO.这说明要合理地设计催化转化器才能使尾气均匀地径向分布,而且必须针对燃油种类匹配适宜的催化剂.The 10 000 km tests were made on two CG125 motorcycles using common gasoline and 10 % ethanol/ gasoline (E10) blends, respectively. The emission characteristics of the two different fuels were investigated and compared. The carbon deposit distribution and carbon species on the used catalysts were analyzed by the combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. The results show that the exhaust emissions of the motorcycles with catalytic converters can meet European secondary stage exhaust emission standards, but the efficiency of the catalytic converter for E10 blends is lower than that for common gasoline. The carbon deposition amount on different radial positions of the catalytic converters is center > transition-layer > edge for both two fuels. In addition, the carbon species exist in the form of CHx for common gasoline and (CH)(x)O for E10 blends on the catalyst. This suggests that the radial uniformity of the exhaust distribution can be achieved through appropriate design of the catalytic converters, and special catalyst must be aimed at different fuels.

关 键 词：燃油 摩托车 尾气排放 尾气净化催化剂 积炭 碳物种 

分 类 号：X701.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]