保护性耕作对旱地麦-豆双序列轮作农田土壤水分及利用效率的影响  

Conservation Tillage Effects on Soil Moisture and Water Use Efficiency of Two Phases Rotation System with Spring Wheat and Field Pea in Dryland

作　　者：郭清毅 [1] 黄高宝 [1] Guangdi Li  YIN Chan  

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学,农学院,甘肃,兰州,730070 [2]NSW Department of Primary Industry,Wagga Wagga,NSW 2650,Australia [3]NSW Department of Primary Industry,Richmond,NSW 2753,Australia

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2005年第3期165-169,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：甘肃农业大学与澳大利亚国际农业研究中心合作项目(ACIAR);SMCN(LWR)2/1999/094

摘　　要：选择黄土高原陇中丘陵半干旱典型区———定西地区,在前期试验研究的基础上,2002～2004年通过对保护性耕作条件下旱地春小麦—豌豆双序列轮作农田土壤水分及利用效率的试验研究,结果表明:保护性耕作能够显著提高0～200cm土层土壤贮水量及含水量,这种作用在降水较少年份表现更为突出。免耕及免耕覆草较常规耕作土壤贮水量分别提高1 93%～7 25%和0 06%～3 58%。休闲轮作有利于提高土壤对降水的保蓄,具有良好的蓄水保墒作用,但不同的轮作序列表现不同。P/W各处理小麦收获期土壤0～50cm含水量均比W/P各处理小麦收获期土壤0～50cm含水量有所增加,增幅为0 33%～0 62%。0～200cm土壤含水量呈反S型变化,播种期、五叶期及收获期土壤具有较高含水量,而开花期土壤含水量则较低。免耕覆草处理的产量及水分利用效率分别为3709 69kg/hm2和10 45kg/hm2·mm,分别较常规耕作提高30 28%和40 08%。The conservation tillage on soil water dynamic and water use efficiency based on two phases rotation systems with spring wheat and field pea have been conducted in Dingxi specific semiarid hilly areas in the middle of the Loess Plateau from 2002 to 2004. The results showed that conservation tillage enable to increase 0～200 cm water storage and soil moisture,and it is more obvious in the poor raining year than that in the rich raining year. The water storage of no-tillage and no-tillage with straw retention are much higher than conventional tillage,1.93%～7.25% and 0.06%～3.58% respectively. Fallow and rotation, which possess better storage function, are propitious to increase the using ration of rainfall. Soil moisture takes on a change of anti 'S' in 0～200 cm profile. Soil moisture is higher at seeding stage, 5-leave stage and harvesting stage, while is lower at blooming stage. The crop yields and WUE of no-tillage with straw mulch are 3 709.69 kg/hm^2 and 10.45 kg/(hm^2·mm), which increased 30.28% and 40.08% respectively than conventional tillage.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 旱地 轮作 水分利用效率(WUE) 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学] S551