迁徙鸟类对中途停歇地的利用及迁徙对策  

Study on the utilitizaion of stopover sites and migration strategies of migratory birds

作　　者：马志军[1] 李博[1] 陈家宽[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所,生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,上海200433

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第6期1404-1412,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30400057);上海市科委资助项目(04DZ19303);WWF资助项目;复旦大学青年科学基金资助项目~~

摘　　要：中途停歇地是迁徙鸟类在繁殖地和非繁殖地之间的联系枢纽,对于迁徙鸟类完成其完整的生活史过程具有重要作用。从鸟类的迁徙对策、中途停歇地的选择、鸟类在中途停歇地的停留时间、体重变化和种群特征以及中途停歇地的环境状况等方面,回顾了中途停歇生态学在近年来的研究进展,并提出了在迁徙对策理论的实验研究,小型鸟类在中途停歇地的停歇时间及体重变化的准确确定等目前有待解决的问题。As connections between breeding and non-breeding grounds, stopover sites are of importance for the whole life history of migrants. This paper reviewed several aspects of stopover ecology, including the migration strategies, selection of stopover sites, stopover duration, dynamics of body mass and population characteristics of migrants, and attributes of the habitats at stopover sites. The further research directions were also discussed in the field of stopover ecology. The costs of time and energy associate with migration represent one of the most important aspects of the studies on migration strategies. To minimize the migration time, migrants with “time minimization strategy” can decrease the risk on the migration routes and arrive at the destination as soon as possible. Moreover, reducing the energy cost during migration is also an important strategy for the migrants. Birds with different migration strategies display different processes of energy deposition at the stopover sites. Four types of stopover sites are identified, with reference to purposes to stop over: energy replenishment sites, rest sites, stages before overcoming ecological barriers, and temporary stopover sites. The same stopover site may be utilized differently by different birds, or by different populations of the same species, or even by the same population in different seasons of the year. As the distances between adjacent stopover sites vary, birds take different means of moving between them, jumping (for long distance), skipping (for medium distance) or hopping (for short distance). Affected by ecological factors (such as food resource, natural enemies, intra-or inter-species competition), migrants show changes in population features at stopover sites. During northward migration, the male preceded female at stopover sites; and the adults preceded juveniles during southward migration. Migrants could maintain the optimal migration speed and stopover duration through estimating or forecasting the habitat conditions, or based on its energ

关 键 词：迁徙鸟类 迁徙对策 中途停歇生态学 中途停歇地 

分 类 号：Q958.13[生物学—动物学]