非爆炸且不可还原农用硝酸铵热分解反应动力学的研究  

Study on reaction dynamics of non-explosive and irrestorable fertilizer-grade ammonium nitrate during the thermal decomposition

作　　者：沈立晋[1] 汪旭光[2] 宋锦泉[2] 

机构地区：[1]万宝矿产有限公司,北京100053 [2]北京矿冶研究总院,北京100044

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2005年第3期232-238,共7页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50174008)

摘　　要：利用加速度量热仪分别对普通硝酸铵和非爆炸且不可还原农用硝酸铵的绝热分解过程进行分析,分析结果通过动力学模型编程在微机控制系统上进行数据分析处理,得到了绝热分解温度与压力随时间的变化曲线、自加热速率随温度的变化曲线、准速率常数随温度的变化曲线、最大温升速率所需时间随温度的变化曲线,计算了分解动力学参数表观活化能、指前因子、不可逆温度和自加速分解反应温度。所有实验结果都表明,非爆炸且不可还原农用硝酸铵具有良好的热稳定性、安全性。The adiabatic decompositions of ammonium nitrate (AN) and non-explosive, irrestorable fertilizer-grade ammonium nitrate (NEIFAN) were investigated by accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC). The experimental data was processed with a dynamic model by means of a computer-control system. The curves of thermal decomposition temperature and pressure versus time, self-heating rate and pressure versus temperature, pseudo zero-order rate constant versus temperature and time to maximum rate versus temperature were obtained. The kinetic parameters such as apparent activation energy, pre-exponential factor, temperature of no return and self-accelerating decomposition temperature were calculated. All of the experimental results indicates that NEIFAN has better thermal stability and safety, and the diminishment or elimination of NEIFAN explosive characteristic is due to the improvement on its thermal stability.

关 键 词：化学动力学 热分解反应动力学 加速度量热仪 农用硝酸铵 非爆炸性 不可还原性 

分 类 号：O643.12[理学—物理化学] TQ441.12[理学—化学]