论主谓结构中句首主语的认知语义基础  

On the Cognitive and Semantic Foundations of Sentence-initial Subjectin the Subject-Predicate Structure

作　　者：刘国辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学语言认知及信息处理研究所 重庆400030

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2005年第7期1-6,共6页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：重庆大学语言认知及信息处理研究所和重庆大学外国语学院科研项目资助

摘　　要：尽管有关主语的论争颇多,尚无定论,但主谓结构中的句首主语以它特有的空间位置吸引着我们的注意力.我们通过英德法汉主语定义比较、主语化程度、主语施事以及主语的心理认知基础考察,认为主语有一定的心理认知和语义基础,语法形式只不过是语义和语用功能显露出来的冰山之巅.句首主语隐含的认知语义基础是:[+生命性]、[+具体性]、[+施为性]、[+突显性]和[+固化性],有[+生命性]特征的施为者会优先成为句首强调或突显的对象.The dispute concerning the criteria of subject is diversified up to date, yet sentence-initial subject of the subject-predicate structure attracts our attention with its special striking space. Through comparison of subjects among four languages: English, German, French and Chinese, discusion of subjectivation, agentivity and psychological,cognitive foundations of subject, we find that subject has its own psychological, cognitive and semantic foundations, grammar shows itself as simply the top of the iceberg composed of grammar, meaning and pragmatic functions. The cognitive semantic foundations implied in sentence—initial subject are such as [+ animate], [+ concrete], [+agentivity], [+ prominence] and [+fossilization]. The agent characterized with [+animate] feature will tend to become the object to stress or profile in the initial position of a sentence.

关 键 词：主语 主语化 语法 认知语义 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]