生物表面活性剂在农业废物好氧堆肥中的应用  

Application of Biosurfactant in Composting of Agricultural Waste

作　　者：戴芳[1] 曾光明[1] 袁兴中[1] 吴小红[1] 时进钢[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学环境科学与工程系,长沙410082

出　　处：《环境科学》2005年第4期181-185,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2001AA644020;2003AA644010);国家自然科学基金资助项目(70171055;50179011)

摘　　要：以稻草秸秆和麸皮为堆肥原料,本实验室制取的鼠李糖脂为促进剂,进行了控温条件下堆肥一次发酵的实验研究.堆肥采用好氧静态堆肥技术,含水率控制在60%~70%,通气量采用时间控制方式,发酵周期18d.实验分析了堆肥过程中有机质、pH值、水溶性有机碳、微生物种群密度、半纤维素酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶活、半纤维素和纤维素含量等指标随时间的变化特征.实验结果表明,堆肥过程中,实验组的有机质降解率比对照样高13·4%,水溶性有机碳的平均含量提高了2·2g/kg,同时半纤维素和纤维素的降解率分别增加了5·7%、10·7%.研究表明,添加鼠李糖脂能够改善堆肥处理的微环境,增强聚合物的水合程度,促进有机质降解,从而加快堆肥进程,提高堆肥产品品质.The biosurfactant of rhamonolipid (Rh) obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used in co-composting of rice straw and wheat bran, the efficiency of the promoter was studied under temperature control during the first stage of composting. Composting was done in an aerobic static bed of composting during which moisture content of mixture materials was controlled between 60%～70%, and the control of aeration adopted the timer by turns of 0.18m^3/h for 20 minutes and pause for 40 minutes. Changes were studied including pH, organic matter, dissolved organic carbon(DOC), the biomass of microorganism, hemicellulase activity, carboxymethyl cellulose enzyme (CMCase) activity, hemi-cellulose and cellulose contents. The experimental results show that the degradation rate of organic matter is 13.4% higher than that of the control, and the average of DOC is improved by 2.2g/kg. The degradation contents of hemi-cellulose and cellulose are increased by 5.7%, 10.7% compared with the control. This indicate that the addition of Rh can improve microenvironment, strengthen polymers hydration, accelerate the co-composting process and improve the quality of composting production.

关 键 词：好氧堆肥 农业废物 生物表面活性剂 鼠李糖脂 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]