黄瓜花器形态发生、小孢子发育与花药培养  

Flower Morphogenesis and Microspore Development Versus Anther Culture of Cucumber

作　　者：谢淼[1] 秦丽颖[1] 潘俊松[1] 何欢乐[1] 吴爱忠[1] 蔡润[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海201101

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2005年第6期1096-1100,共5页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：上海市农委招标项目资助 农科攻字 2 0 0 1-3 -10

摘　　要：孢子发育时期与花蕾形态特征、花药颜色具有相关性.本试验目的是确定黄瓜花药的最佳培养时期,并确定对应的选蕾标准.对基因型、预处理等花药培养主要影响因素研究结果表明:不同基因型小孢子单核中后期花蕾长度不同,形态上没有差异;同一基因型的小孢子发育不同时期的花器特征和诱导率均有差异,单核中后期花药诱导率最高;低温预处理有利于保持小孢子的活力;花药培养中以黑暗中4℃、4 8～72 h低温预处理最有助于愈伤发生.实验结果表明,黄瓜花药培养中小孢子最佳培养时期为单核中后期,取蕾标准为:花蕾长度0 .90～1.5 0 cm,绿色,瓣尖未张开,花药白绿色或淡绿色.Microspore development showed correlativity with the morphological characteristics of buds,and the color of anthers.The experiment was intended to determine the stage of anther development at which anthers could be optimally cultured,and the corresponding standards that could be adopted to select buds.The major factors affecting anther culture such as genotypes and pretreatment were studied,shich indicated that the buds differed in length with different genotypes at middle to later monokaryon stages of microspore development but did not differed in morphology with different genotypes;flower characteristies and anther inductivities of same genotypes differed at different stage of microspore development and the highest anther inductivity appeared at middle to late monokaryon stages.The pretreatment with low temperature was beneficial to maintaining microspore vitality.For anther culture,the pretreatment in dark with low temperature at 4℃ for 48～72 h was the most conducive to callus occurrence.The experimental results demonstrated that in the culture of cucumber anthers,the microspores could be optimally cultured at the middle to late monokaryon stages of microspore development and the bud-selecting standards were that the buds were 0.90～1.5 cm long and green,the crowns were not open in their top ends,and the anthers were white green or light green.

关 键 词：黄瓜 小孢子 发育时期 花药培养 

分 类 号：Q944.58[生物学—植物学] Q919.782[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]