蚌、鱼混养对几种水污染指标的影响  

The effects of co-cultivation of pearl mussels and fishes on controlling water pollution

作　　者：张根芳[1] 邓闽中[2] 方爱萍 李家乐[4] 

机构地区：[1]金华职业技术学院动物工程系,浙江金华321007 [2]杭州市水产科学研究所,浙江杭州310029 [3]金华市威旺养殖新技术有限公司,浙江金华321017 [4]上海水产大学农业部水产种质资源与养殖生态重点开放实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《上海水产大学学报》2005年第2期156-161,共6页Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University

基　　金：上海市科委基础重点项目(03JC14063);上海市教育基金会曙光计划项目(01SG42)资助

摘　　要：在野外规模性试验水体吊养珍珠蚌,并搭养少量鱼类,结果表明:珍珠蚌吊养后,在网绳、网袋(夹)、泡沫浮子和蚌壳上迅速附着丝状藻类、原生动物、腔肠动物、多孔动物和苔藓动物等多种附着生物,在水体表层20～40cm间形成新的生物群落。同时水体藻类种类、门类增加,呈现一定的多样性趋势,高N、P喜好种减少,低N、P,高Fe、Me、Zn、Mg等种增加。在5-9月富营养的发展期,水体营养盐可以得到消耗,能使N、P、COD和BOD5含量分别下降67.3%、73.2%、38.1%和15.5%,富营养化得到了明显控制;同时还能收获珍珠、蚌肉和贝壳等产品,做到"以水养水"、"以水治水"之目的。<Abstrcat>Field experiments showed that the co-cultivation of pearl mussels and fishes formed a new biocoene composed of filamentous algae, protozoa, porifera,coelenterate and bryozoa on the rope, net, floats and shells. A new biocoene formed in the water 20-40 cm under the surface. The investigation showed increases of algae species and groups, which represented an increase of biodiversity. The algae fond of high nitrogen and phosphorus decreased, while those fond of high iron, magnesium, zinc and low nitrogen and phosphorus increased. It effectively reduced nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand in the water by 67.3%, 73.2%, 38.1% and 15.5%, respectively, from May to September when the water eutrophication was developing. This changed the transparency and nutrition levels of the water, and meanwhile the products, such as pearl, shellfish meat and shell, etc. could be caught. This is an economical and effective way to control water eutrophication.

关 键 词：珍珠蚌 养殖 水体富营养化 控制 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖] S912[农业科学—水产科学]