繁茂膜海绵的实验室养殖  

Cultivation rule of sponge Hymeniacidon perleve in bioreactors

作　　者：张卫[1] 薛凌云[1] 付晚涛[1] 张骁英[1] 刘元令[1] 刘淑芬[1] 金美芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2005年第4期430-436,共7页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家"863"计划重大专项经费资助项目(G2003AA624040).

摘　　要：为了实现可控条件下海绵(marinesponge)的快速生长,获得海绵生物量,解决海绵药物开发的“药源供给不足”的瓶颈问题,本研究以大连周边黄渤海潮间带的繁茂膜海绵(Hymeniacidonperleve)为研究对象,进行室内养殖实验,在自行设计的水体循环和不循环养殖体系水族槽内观察繁茂膜海绵的原代和继代生长过程。海绵经历贴壁、旺盛生长、出芽、静止生长和枯萎5个生长阶段。“窝”型巢穴有利于海绵生长和繁殖。实验过程中观察到繁茂膜海绵以一种拖丝迁移的方式分散新的个体以实现繁殖。扁藻和硅藻可以作为海绵的饵料。平缓的水流有利于海绵的生长。温度是影响海绵生长的关键因素,在一定温度刺激下,海绵会从过冬状态下苏醒,开始生长。Sponges have been proved the best source of marine biologically active metabolites among marine organisms. However,the 'supply problem' hampered the exploitation of sponge drugs. To obtain fast growth of sponge biomass and high yield of bioactive metabolites,cultivation of sponge explants/aggregates in bioreactors under controlled conditions was proposed.In this study,the explants of an inter-tidal sponge Hymeniacidon perleve from the Yellow Sea were cultured in two self-designed bioreactor systems:the Cyclic Water Flow System (CFTS) and the Acyclic Water Flow System (SWS).In both systems,air bubbles were used for supplying oxygen and the NO_(2) concentration was controlled below 0.1?mg/L;the salinity was controlled between 30 and 36;temperature was controlled between 16?℃ and 18?℃. Microalgae Platymonas subcordiformis and Nitzschia closterium was chosen as the feeding regimes with concentration of (6×10~6/L) seawater. Sponge biomass during cultivation was measured by volume and weight. The growth of sponge explants undergoes five phases in bioreactors:attachment,active growth,budding,stationary and shrinking. The average period of the growth process for the primary sponge explants is about 50?days and about 120?d for the secondary sponge explants. The active growth phase of the primary explants sustained for 20-25?days and the secondary explants sustained for 70-80?days. The 'nest-shape' substratum simulating natural growing environment of sponge Hymeniacidon perleve promoted the growth and propagation of sponge explants. One interesting propagating method of sponge Hymeniacidon perleve was found that new body sponge migrated to a new place by a fan-shaped spin-thread. Mixed Platymonas subcordiformis and Nitzschia closterium as food and gentle water flow are favorable for sponge growth. The culture temperature significantly affects the growth of sponge explants. When the temperature increased from 0?℃ to (12?℃,)the sponge transferred from the 'Hibernation' state to the growth state gradually. The suitab

关 键 词：海绵 室内养殖 静态不循环水养殖体系 动态循环水养殖体系 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]