FCC催化剂氢气还原活化脱镍研究  

Removal of Ni on FCC Catalyst Reduced by Hydrogen

作　　者：李春义[1] 袁起民[1] 田华[1] 沙有鑫[1] 山红红[1] 杨朝合[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)化学化工学院重质油国家重点实验室,东营257061

出　　处：《化学学报》2005年第14期1371-1374,i006,共5页Acta Chimica Sinica

基　　金：中国石油化工股份有限公司(No.103053)资助项目.

摘　　要：我国的FCC催化剂在使用中镍污染较为严重,镍不仅会破坏催化剂的结构,而且还会影响反应产物的分布,增加企业的生产成本.本研究提出了氢气还原活化+稀硝酸洗涤的脱镍新方法,具有良好的效果.镍在FCC催化剂上以NiAl_2O_4和Ni_2SiO_4的形式存在,这些物种在700℃以下就可以被氢气还原,并且随着温度的升高,不仅催化剂表面的镍能够被还原,而且催化剂体相中的镍也可以迁移到表面从而被还原,但这种迁移受到平衡的限制.还原后生成的金属镍可以溶于稀硝酸,因而可以洗涤除去.在适宜的条件下,经过一次还原+酸洗处理,脱镍率可达到50%以上;经过两次处理,脱镍率可达75%以上.脱镍后催化剂的微反活性可以得到大幅度提高.Ni deposited on the FCC catalyst could not only destroy the structure of the catalyst, but also deteriorate the product distribution. Almost all the Ni on the catalyst existed in the forms of NiAl2O4 and Ni2SiO4, which can be reduced by H-2 even below 700 degrees C. Here a new Ni-removal procedure, reducing activation by H-2 Plus washing by dilute nitric acid was suggested. If the catalyst containing 2.13 wt% Ni was treated only once under appropriate conditions, then more than 50% Ni could be removed, and the micro-activity of the catalyst improved markedly. At high temperature, the Ni species in the bulk of the catalyst moved out to the surface during reducing, but the movement might be limited by equilibriums, so repeat of the treating steps was helpful to Ni-removal.

关 键 词：FCC催化剂 氢气还原 活化 催化剂表面 反应产物 生产成本 酸洗处理 稀硝酸 镍污染 700 金属镍 大幅度 洗涤 迁移 

分 类 号：TE624.91[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]