有机肥对农田土壤二氧化碳和甲烷通量的影响  

Effects of organic manures on CO_2 and CH_4 fluxes of farmland.

作　　者：董玉红[1] 欧阳竹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所禹城综合实验站

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2005年第7期1303-1307,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重大基础研究(973)前期专项研究资助项目(2003CCB001).

摘　　要：研究了不同有机肥施用(鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪)对夏玉米田土壤CO2和CH4通量的影响.结果表明,不同处理的CO2通量具有相同的季节变化趋势,受土壤温度和湿度的共同影响,土壤CO2通量和大气温度、地表温度、地下温度呈显著正相关,当温度不是限制因子的时候,CO2通量和土壤水分含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05).玉米整个生长季大部分时间土壤为CH4的吸收汇,源汇的变化受环境因子的影响,但是相关分析并不显著.不同处理的土壤CO2季节平均排放通量为0.5124～0.8518g·m-2·h-1,和CK2相比,玉米种植促进了CO2的排放,施用有机肥也增加了CO2的排放,所有有机肥处理的平均排放通量和CK2差异显著,但只有S2和P2和CK1的差异显著.不同处理农田土壤CH4的季节平均通量为-0.0068～-0.0484mg·m-2·h-1,有机肥施用抑制了土壤对CH4的吸收,施肥量高抑制作用强,但是统计分析差异并不显著.This paper studied the effects of chicken manure,swine waste and cattle manure on the CO_2 and CH_4 fluxes of a farmland planted with summer maize.The results showed that the CO_2 flux had the same trend under different organic manure application,which was influenced by soil temperature and soil water content.The flux was significantly related with air temperature,soil surface temperature and soil temperature (P<0.05).When soil temperature was not a limiting factor,soil water content was significantly related with soil CO_2 flux.At most maize growth stages,soil was a sink of CH_4.The variation of CH_4 source-sink was influenced by environmental factors,but the correlation was not significant.The mean seasonal flux of CO_2 was from 0.5124 to 0.8518 g·m^(-2)·h^(-1),and that of CH_4 was from-0.0068 to -0.0484 mg·m^(-2)·h^(-1).Compared with CK2,maize planting and organic manure application enhanced CO_2 emission.The application of organic manures inhibited the CH_4 uptake by soil,and higher application rate had a higher inhibitory effect.

关 键 词：有机肥 CO2 CH4 温室气体 土壤 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]