新型智能材料:电活性聚合物的研究状况  

Novel smart materials:progress in electroactive polymers

作　　者：党智敏[1] 王岚[1] 王海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学教育部纳米材料重点实验室北京市新型高分子材料制备及工艺重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《功能材料》2005年第7期981-987,共7页Journal of Functional Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50373024)

摘　　要：电活性聚合物(electroactive polymer, EAP)是一种智能材料,具有特殊的电性能和机械性能.本文综述了不同类型电活性聚合物材料的国内外研究现状.按照作用机理的不同,电活性聚合物主要分为两大类:电子型和离子型.电子型EAP材料在直流电场作用下可产生诱导位移,但是需要较高的激励电场(＞100V/μm);离子型EAP材料可以在较低电压下(1～2V)产生诱导弯曲位移,但是需要保持一定的湿润度,而且在直流电场激励下很难保持稳定的诱导位移.本文还介绍了电活性聚合物材料的应用领域和发展前景.由于其显著的电致伸缩响应,电活性聚合物被应用于驱动器和传感器,而且在仿生领域具有更广阔的应用.此外,透明度较高的EAP材料可被用于光学设备上.目前,电活性聚合物的应用还处于尝试阶段,但是,其独特的性能决定了这种材料具有不可估量的应用前景.Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are one group of smart materials with unique electrical and mechanical properties. This paper will review developments of various kinds of EAPs home and abroad. EAP can be divided into two major categories based on their activation mechanism including ionic and electronic. The electronic EAP can be made to hole the induced displacement while activated under a DC voltage, but require a high activation fields (<100 V/μm). In contrast to the electronic EAP, the activation of the ionic EAP can be made by a low electric voltage (1-2 V), but need to maintain wetness and they pose difficulties to sustain constant displacement under activation of a DC voltage (except for conductive polymers). In this paper, the applied fields and foreground of EAPs will also be reported. Because of their obvious electrostrictive response, EAPs are applied not only in actuators and sensors, but also in biomimetic area. In addition, EAPs with good transparency can be used in optical devices. Presently, EAP materials are still custom made mostly by researchers and they are not available commercially. However, with the unique performances, EAPs have an immeasurable applied foreground.

关 键 词：电活性聚合物 电致伸缩 离子型 电子型 

分 类 号：TM2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]