黄河中上游流域降水量的时空特征及其对三门峡库区水沙量的影响  

Temporal-Spatial Change of Precipitation in Upper and Middle Reaches of Yellow River and its Effects on Water and Silt Inflow of Sanmenxia Reservoir

作　　者：朱拥军[1] 苏炳凯[1] 周叶芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学大气科学系,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2005年第3期282-287,共6页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：科技部科研院所社会公益研究项目;中国干旱气象灾害监测预警方法研究(2004DIB5J192)

摘　　要：根据气象和水文资料,采用自然经验正交函数、相关分析等方法,对黄河中上游流域年降水量的时空特征及其对三门峡库区水沙来量的影响进行分析。分析表明:黄河中上游流域年降水量具有3种典型的空间分布结构;在不同的降水空间结构下,三门峡库区各水文站水沙变化差异显著;3种空间结构具有不同的变化趋势和周期;三门峡库区沙源可分为四级源区,水源分为三级源区;未来20年,库区水沙来量有增加趋势。The Yellow River is a world-known large river, its silt content is high, and its discharge and silt content affect strongly the Samenxia Reservoir located in its middle reaches. The situation of water inflow and silt inflow in the middle reaches of the Yellow River has been significantly changed since recent 20 years, which is mainly affected by precipitation and human activities in the upper and middle reaches. In this paper, the temporal and spatial change of precipitation in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River and its effects on the water inflow and silt inflow of the Sanmenxia Reservoir are analyzed using the empirical orthogonal function and correlation analysis based on the mteorological and hydrological data. The results are as follows: (1) There are three typical fields of the spatial distribution of precipitation in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, and their trends and changing periodicities are different; (2) The temporal change of precipitaion is significant in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, so both possibilities of drought and waterlogging exist; (3) The change of water inflow and silt inflow at the hydrological stations in the Sanmenxia Reservoir area is significant. The temporal coefficients of the typical spatial fields were generally reduced during the period from 1956 to 1995, correspondingly, the precipitation was also reduced, and the water inflow and silt inflow of the reservoir were decreased decade by decade; (4) The sand sources of the Sanmenxia Reservoir can be divided into 4 grades; (5) The water sources of the reservoir can be divided into 3 grades; (6) In the next 20 years, the precipitaion in the Yellow River Watershed and the water inflow and silt inflow of the Sanmenxia Reservoir will be gradually increased, and the soil erosion in the Yellow River Watershed will become more serious.

关 键 词：黄河中上游 降水特征 三门峡库区 水沙变化 

分 类 号：P426.615[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]