航海条件对有机磷中毒防救的影响  

The influence of voyage factors on the prophylaxis and treatment against organophosphorus toxicants poisoning

作　　者：沈志超[1] 陈伟忠[1] 王宇 苗小飞 徐建伟 朱明学 杜爱民 

机构地区：[1]第二军医大学海医系

出　　处：《中华航海医学杂志》1995年第4期35-38,共4页

摘　　要：目的：探讨航海条件对有机磷毒物中毒防救的影响。方法：在运输船航海途中观察实验兔有机磷毒物沙林和维埃克斯中毒的症状特点和抗毒药物的防救效果。结果：在较为良好的近海短程航行条件下，船上实验兔沙林、维埃克斯中毒的多种症状都较陆上实验有不同程度的加重；抗毒药物对沙林中毒的防救效果及对维埃克斯的急救效果，海上实验与陆上基本相似，但对维埃克斯中毒的预防效果，在海上有降低趋势，且以环境条件最差的机舱中动物中毒症状的加粟和防救效果的降低趋势尤为明显。结论：不良的航海条件和船上环境加重了实验动物有机磷毒物中毒的损害程度，并在一定程度上对抗毒预防和救治产生某些不利影响。建议加强海运中对危险化学毒品的安全管理和医学防护。Aim:To clarify the influence of voyage factors on the prophylaxis and first-aid treatment of organophosphorus toxicants (Sarin or VX) poisoning. Methods:78 rabbits were divided into the ex-periment at-sea group(59 rabbits)and the on-land control group (19 rabbits).The at-sea group was further divided into a prophylaxis group and a first-aid treatment group with each group 4～6 animals.The prophylaxis group animals were given a prophylactic pill 2 h before the use of Sarin or VX but no treatment after the poisoning. The first-aid group animals were treated with laboratory prepared anti-poison injections 30 s after the appearance of conclusion symptom.All the experiment animals were ob-served continuously for 24 h to compare the differences. Results:The poisoning symptoms of Sarin and VX were more serious on the ship even with near coast short voyage and fair sea conditions in contrast with control experiments on land.The symptoms of convulsion,fall dyspnea and cyanosis ap-peared earlier,the duration of convulsion and the time began to stand-up were longer, whereas the death time of died animal shortened.With the dose of organophosphorus pesticide antidotes,the prophy-laxis effect to 1.5 LD Sarin poisoning and the first-aid survival rates to 4.5 LD Sarin and 7 LDVX poi-soning were alike either with experiments at sea or on land.But the prophylactic survival rate to 4 LD VX poisoning was reduced from 4 0%on land to 20%at sea. It was also shown that the poisoning symptoms were more severe,the prophylaxis effect and the first-aid survival rate were all lower in the engine room than those in the tail cabin and the front deck. Conclusion: The voyage condition and the unfavorable ship′s environment may have led to the aggravation of poisoning by organophosphorus toxi-cants and produced certain untoward effect on the prophylaxis and first-aid treatment of this poisoning condition,It is suggested that the safety management and medical protection should be strengthened for ocean shipping of dangerous chemical toxican

关 键 词：有机磷毒物 中毒 预防 急救 航海毒理学 

分 类 号：R595[医药卫生—内科学] R836[医药卫生—临床医学]