古代铜矿冶炼过程中稀土元素的变化研究  

Variation of Rare Earth Elements in Process of Smelting of Copper Ores in the Ancient Times

作　　者：魏国锋[1] 秦颍[1] 罗丰 曲艺[3] 王昌燧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,安徽合肥230026 [2]宁夏文物考古研究所,宁夏银川750000 [3]黄石市博物馆,湖北黄石435000

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2005年第3期357-362,共6页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(10135050);国家社科基金文博类2001年重点项目(2001042)

摘　　要：主要研究稀土元素在铜矿冶炼过程中的变化规律及其在冶金考古中的潜在应用。实验采用电感藕合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测试了湖北铜绿山、宁夏照壁山、山西中条山和内蒙古林西大井古代矿冶遗址的铜矿石,炼渣和铜锭的稀土元素含量,通过对其稀土总量和稀土配分模式的对比研究,探讨了稀土元素在古代铜矿冶炼过程中的化学行为。结果发现稀土元素在铜矿冶炼过程主要富集在炼渣中,金属铜中的稀土元素含量很低。因此,要想根据青铜器中的稀土元素特征示踪铜料来源,是很难实现的。通过对比各矿冶遗址的铜矿石、炼渣和铜锭的稀土配分曲线,发现炼渣的稀土配分曲线为判断古代所使用的冶炼技术及铜矿石的输出路线提供了可能。Variation of REE in the process of smelting of copper ores and their potential application in archaeo-metallurgy were investigated. All samples of copper ores, slag and copper ingots are from the ancient sites of mining and smelting, which include Tonglüshan site in Hubei province, Zhaobishan site in Ningxia municipality, Zhongtiaoshan site in Shanxi province and Dajing site in Inner Mongolia municipality autonomous region. REE analysis was conducted by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). The result of this study reveals that REE are concentrated in slag mainly during the smelting process, and total content of REE in the copper ingots is very low. With low total content of REE in the copper ingots, it is almost impossible to find out provenance of the ancient bronze wares through REE. Nevertheless, this research finds that REE distribution pattern of the slag is possible to be used to ascertain smelting technology of the copper ores adopted by the ancient smelters and export route of the ancient copper ores.

关 键 词：青铜器 铜矿 炼渣 矿料来源 稀土 

分 类 号：K85[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]