宁夏南部山区不同下垫面的小气候特征分析  

Microclimatic Characteristics of Different Underlying Surfaces in South Ningxia Mountains

作　　者：王连喜[1] 闵庆文[1] 李凤霞[1] 张晓煜[1] 闫蓉[1] 张学艺[1] 袁海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,银川750002

出　　处：《资源科学》2005年第4期18-21,共4页Resources Science

基　　金：国家"973"项目(编号:2002CB111506);国家科技部社会公益类研究项目(编号:2001DIB10090)。

摘　　要：在不同季节通过对宁夏南部山区几种不同类型下垫面进行的小气候观测与考察,分析了该区不同下垫面的主要小气候特征(温湿度)及其变化规律。结果表明:宁南山区不同下垫面气候特征均具有与大气候相似的变化趋势;封山禁牧后,下垫面随之变化,会产生干旱生态景观下的“绿岛效应”、“湿岛效应”和“热岛效应”,说明封山禁牧措施对脆弱生态的恢复能起到明显的效果;退耕还林还草、进行植被恢复生态建设,对于促进该地区生态环境的改善和区域可持续发展,具有重要意义。The results from theoretical simulation and field investigation show that the ecological restoration of vegetation will cause positive ecological effects. Located in mountains and caused by natural and historical reasons, South Ningxia faces great challenges of low economic development, fragile ecological conditions and dry climate conditions. Based on microclimatic observation and survey under different underlying conditions (farmland, grassland, wilds, artificial forests) in different seasons in South Ningxia Mountains, air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity and other microclimatic characteristics and variation in different seasons were analyzed. The results show that the variation tendency is similar to macroclimatic in the region. However, closing mountain and prohibiting pasturage could cause the responses of underlying conditions. For example, there exist green-island effect (i.e. cool-island effect and wet-island effect in Summer and heat island effect in Winter) in good restoration grassland or forested land which illustrate positive influence of closing mountain and prohibiting pasturage on the fragile and degraded ecosystem. Therefore, returning farmland to forestry and grassland and other eco-restoration will improve regional eco-environmental conditions and promote regional sustainable development.

关 键 词：宁夏南部山区 下垫面 气候特征分析 区域可持续发展 退耕还林还草 封山禁牧 小气候观测 小气候特征 变化规律 变化趋势 宁南山区 生态景观 热岛效应 脆弱生态 生态建设 植被恢复 生态环境 温湿度 

分 类 号：P463[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]