内蒙古草原不堪重负,生产方式亟须变革  

The Grassland in the Inner Mongolia is Overloaded and Changes of the Production Pattern are Highlighted

作　　者：■孝斌 张新时[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875

出　　处：《资源科学》2005年第4期175-179,共5页Resources Science

基　　金：国家重点基础发展研究规划项目(编号:G2000018607)。

摘　　要：内蒙古草原由于长期以来人为和自然因素的双重作用,生态系统处于崩溃的边缘。本文通过对内蒙古近50年草原畜牧业发展问题的分析及草原畜牧业的成本效益核算,表明内蒙古草原生态上的不可持续性已经造成其社会经济发展的不可持续性,生态损失远远大于经济贡献。因此其落后的以放牧为主的生产方式必须进行彻底改变,天然草原禁牧,发挥其生态功能,而以农业生产方式大力发展人工草场,开拓现代化的畜牧业增长方式是草原的重要出路。The area of grassland in the Inner Mongolia is 22 percent of total grassland in China, and the grassland is production base of animal husbandry but has been long affected by human and natural factors, the ecosystem of grassland in the Inner Mongolia tends to break down. This paper analyzes the problems facing grassland over the past 50 years and calculates the input and output of grassland-animal husbandry. The results show that the ecological unsustainability has caused unsustainablilty of socio-economic system and the ecological loss of grassland is higher than economic contribution. Eco-economic cost of degenerative grassland reached 95 250 million Yuan, which is 1.4 times of the animal husbandry production value of the grassland in the last 50 years. And the value of ecosystem service loss is 96 472.56 million, which meant that it cost 14 200 Yuan when 10 000 production value is produced. If the standard of UNEP is adopted to evaluate economic loss of desertification, the estimated loss is 85 140 million, which means that per herdsman has to bear ecological deficit of 2 270 Yuan. So traditional grazing-animal husbandry must be changed into modern animal husbandry, and intensive exploration of artificial grassland to increase the output of modern animal husbandry while banning grazing on natural grassland is an important way out for grassland.

关 键 词：内蒙古草原 草原畜牧业 社会经济发展 农业生产方式 可持续性 双重作用 自然因素 生态系统 效益核算 发展问题 草原生态 生态损失 草原禁牧 生态功能 人工草场 增长方式 50年 现代化 成本 开拓 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]