垃圾渗出液微生物循环强化培养菌剂在堆肥中的应用  

The application of microbes isolated from leachate on the enhancement of MSW composting

作　　者：彭绪亚[1] 丁文川[1] 吴正松[1] 刘国涛[1] 李明[1] 蔡华帅[1] 袁荣焕[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400045

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2005年第7期959-964,共6页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(No.2001BA604A0104)~~

摘　　要：针对垃圾堆肥过程中外加菌剂存在接种后菌剂活性衰退的问题,提出一种直接利用垃圾堆肥渗出液中微生物制备高效菌剂的方法.分别以堆肥高温阶段和中温阶段产生的渗出液中微生物为来源,利用自制培养基经4次循环强化培养制得高温菌剂和中温菌剂,进行了接种和不接种的好氧堆肥对比试验,测定了堆肥渗出液中微生物数量、堆体温度、纤维素酶活、pH和好氧速率等指标.实验结果表明:(1)接种组渗出液中高温细菌、高温放线菌和高温霉菌数量平均是对照组的2.17倍;中温细菌、中温放线菌和中温霉菌数量平均是对照组的2.41倍,接种组微生物的数量明显多于对照组;(2)接种组的纤维素酶活性较对照组最大提高26%,且提前4d达到最大值;堆体耗氧速率在高温阶段和中温阶段分别提高37%和42.8%.说明接种后的微生物经过堆体微生态环境的自然选择作用,其代谢活性增强,对有机垃圾的降解能力明显提高,垃圾中纤维素更快地被分解和转化,有利于加快堆肥腐熟.Being concerned on the disadvantage of degeneration in the biological activity after the external microbes inoculated in composting, a new method was proposed in which microbes more suitable for the MSW mass were separated from composting leachate, and then used as a source of microbial inoculum for composting.After being cultivated and proliferated in two special culture mediums, microbes in leachate generated in the thermophilic phase and in the mesophilic phase of composting were inoculated separately.At the end of 4 cycles, the effect of the inoculated MSW composting in a laboratory scale reactor were analyzed by measuring the parameters such as the quantity and population of microbes, temperature, enzyme activity index of cellulose material degradation, pH and SOUR of composting.As a control experiment, a non-inoculated composting in same scale was investigated as well.The experimental results indicated that: (a) the average quantity of the thermophilic microbes in inoculated group was 2.17 times, while the mesophilic microbes was 2.41 times higher than the non-inoculated group.(b) Maximum enzyme activity index of cellulose material degradation in inoculated group was 26% higher, and the peak value was advanced for 4 days, and maximum SOUR was 37% higher in the thermophilic phase, and 42.8% higher in the mesophilic phase.It meant that the biological activity of microbes was enhanced with the environmental selection of the substrate-microbes in the composting micro-ecosystem, and thereby, degradation of the organic wastes (especially cellulose materials) was accelerated notably.

关 键 词：生活垃圾 堆肥 渗出液 微生物菌剂 增殖 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]