日本弓背蚁的生物学特性  

Bionomics of Camponotus japonicus

作　　者：高文韬[1] 孟庆繁[1] 刘思[2] 

机构地区：[1]北华大学林学院,吉林吉林132013 [2]吉林省林业勘察设计院,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《中国森林病虫》2005年第4期26-28,共3页Forest Pest and Disease

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30271092);吉林省自然科学资金项目(20020624-1)

摘　　要：日本弓背蚁CamponotusjaponicusMayr在吉林省1a发生1代,以工蚁、有翅雌蚁、有翅雄蚁、幼虫在土(木)穴中越冬。5月下旬—7月上旬婚飞,婚飞后的有翅雌蚁翅脱落,寻找适宜场所产卵,8月下旬有翅蚁羽化。成虫主要取食蚜虫的蜜露及小型昆虫和植物的花蕾、叶、芽等。营巢类型为土穴、木穴2种,分布于农田、林地,以林缘、林间小路、农田地头居多。该虫在吉林省境内各县市都有分布,垂直分布为海拔500m^2100m,1100m以下红松阔叶林带下居多。5月上旬—10月上旬(日均温10℃以上)为活动期,5月—6月、9月—10月活动呈单峰型,7月—8月呈双峰型。日活动规律为5 :00—19 :30 ,晴天活动力强,阴雨、低温天气活动力减弱。在土穴中与日本弓背蚁共栖的主要昆虫为黑灰蝶Nipharda fuscaBremer et Grey。Camponotus japonicushas one generation a year and overwinters as worker,winged female, winged male and larva in the soil and wood holes.Winged female make nuptial flight between late May and early July, then casts her wings and searches suitable place for oviposition, the winged adult emerges in August and mainly eats aphid’s manna,small insects and plant’s flower buds,leaves and buds.The formicary is built in soil or wood in the field,desert and forestland,mostly on the edge of for- est and field.The insect distributes in every city and county in Jilin Province at the elevations between 500 m and 2 100 m ,more in Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest below the elevation of 1 100 m.The active period is from early May to early October when the average temperature of a day is above 10℃,the active ways of outer famicary are monopeak from May to June,from September to October and double peak from July to August.Its active time is between 5:00 and 19:30.Nipharda fuscaBre- mer et Grey is the main insect which is co-existence inCamponotus japonicusMayr’s soil hole.

关 键 词：日本弓背蚁 生活史 习性 

分 类 号：S763.38[农业科学—森林保护学]