与咽后瓣手术相关的应用解剖学  

Applied anatomic study on operation of transferring posterior pharyngeal flap

作　　者：李树桂 

机构地区：[1]顺德大良医院耳鼻喉科,广东佛山528300

出　　处：《中国临床解剖学杂志》2005年第4期399-401,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy

摘　　要：目的:为临床应用咽后壁组织瓣修复腭裂、改善腭咽闭合不全提供解剖学依据。方法:采用巨—微解剖相结合的方法,分别在15例儿童和15例成人正常头颈尸体标本上,就咽后壁的血供与神经支配,临床常用的上、下蒂型咽后瓣的长度、宽度、厚度,及其与颈椎和双侧颈鞘的关系进行观察测量,两组间数据采用t检验进行统计学分析。结果:咽升动脉是咽后壁的主要供血动脉,咽后壁的肌肉由三对呈叠瓦状覆盖的咽缩肌组成,神经支配为咽丛神经的分支。上、下蒂型咽后瓣手术主要在第1、2颈椎体前面的范围内进行,与双侧颈鞘具有一定的安全距离;成人与儿童咽后瓣的长度、宽度、厚度的比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:本文的研究结果为临床上设计咽后瓣提供一定的参考依据。Objective: To provide anatomic data for repairing cleft palate and improve velopharyngeal inadequacy with posterior pharyngeal flap. Methods: With macro-microscopic dissection, anatomic parameters were detected in 15 children and adult cadavers, which included blood supply and nerve distribution, the length, width and thickness of superior and inferior based posterior pharyngeal flap, relationship between flaps, cervical vertebra and cervical sheath. The data were analyzed statistically with t-test. Results: The ascending pharyngeal artery was the main feeding artery of posterior pharyngeal wall. Muscles of posterior pharyngeal wall were three couples of overlapped pharyngeal constrictor muscle. The nerves came from the branches of pharyngeal plexus. Operations of superior and inferior based posterior pharyngeal flap were performed on the front of first and second cervical vertebra, which was safe distance from cervical sheath. These parameters had significant difference between children and adults.(P<0.05). Conclusions: It is valuable to take the anatomic parameters into account when transferring posterior pharyngeal flaps.

关 键 词：咽后瓣 腭咽闭合小全 应用解剖 

分 类 号：R323.1[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] R653[医药卫生—基础医学]