1994年全国脊髓灰质炎流行状况分析  

Epidemiological Analysis of Poliomylitis Cases in 1994,China.

作　　者：柴锋[1] 张荣珍[1] 曹雷[1] 李全乐[1] 张兴录[1] 姜韬 张建[1] 张兰香[1] 刘霞[1] 王克安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院流行病学微生物学研究所,中国预防医学科学院

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》1995年第6期338-342,共5页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

摘　　要：我国脊髓灰质炎发病数继１９９３年降至历史最低水平后，１９９４年又下降了５３％，且病例呈高度散发，爆发明显减少。１９９４年有病例报告的县数为２２５个，其中有病例爆发的县２个，爆发病例占总病例的４．２％。野病毒分布范围明显缩小，由野毒引起的病例数减少为６例。但脊髓灰质炎流行的地区差异依然存在：由广东、海南、福建组成的原东南沿海高发区，１９９４年病例数大幅度下降，病例在全国所占比例明显降低；与此相反，由广西、云南、贵州、四川四省组成的西南高发区，病例数呈明显上升趋势，其１９９４年病例数约占全国的一半。在未来的一两年中，应将１９９４年发现野毒株的新疆、福建、湖北三省及西南高发区四省列为我们开展消灭脊髓灰质炎工作的重点省份。通过继续加强常规免疫工作及开展新一轮的全国强化免疫日活动，进一步提高我国儿童尤其是流动人口中儿童及计划外生育儿童的免疫水平，以求在最短时间内、以最小的代价消灭脊髓灰质炎野病毒。n 1994,the number of reported polio cases was 307 in China. This number was 53%lower than that in 1993, and was the lowest record ever in China. In1994,the distribution of polio cases was highly dispersed and the number of outbreak was reduced obviously.Of 225 counties which reported polio cases in 1994,polio outbreak occured in 2 counties. Cases due to polio outbreak ac-counted for 4.2%of the total cases. The distribution of polio wild virus was narrow but the regional difference still existed.In the southeast,high risk region for polio consisting Guangdong,Hainan,Fujian three provinces,the number of polio cases decreased remarkably in 1994. On the contrary,in the southwest region which,consisting Guangxi,Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan four provinces,the number of polio cases increased obviously,accounted for approximately a half of the total number in 1994.During the coming 1 to 2 years,we should emphasis on these regions and provinces where high incidence was noticed in our polio eradication program. Those provinces should include Xinjiang,Fujian,Hubei three provinces that polio wild virus was identified in 1994,and Guangxi,Sichuan,Guizhou,Yunnan in the south west region as well. We should further increase Polio vaccination coverage of children especially floating and unplanned ones through strengthening routine immunization and carring out new national immunization day activity.

关 键 词：脊髓灰质炎 流行病学 

分 类 号：R512.401[医药卫生—内科学]