水分胁迫对玉米光合性能及产量的影响  

The Effect of Water Stress on Maize Photosynthetic Characters and Yield

作　　者：戴俊英[1] 沈秀瑛[1] 徐世昌[1] 王莲芝[1] 崔钦[2] 朱玉伦 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]沈阳市东陵区农业技术推广中心,辽宁沈阳110015

出　　处：《作物学报》1995年第3期356-363,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家"八五"期间农业部重点课题

摘　　要：将玉米产量形成过程视为一个系统,采用系统分离方法,逐级深入地研究受旱减产的机制。结果表明,水分胁迫下玉米减产的程度及其原因因胁迫时期而异。开花期水分胁迫减产最重,其次是雌穗小花分化期和灌浆期,拔节期则相对较轻。其可能机制是:开花期和雌穗小花分化期水分胁迫,玉米光合性能严重受损,减少光合产物对籽粒“库”的供应,导致“库”容量减小,进而影响籽粒灌浆和产量形成。灌浆期水分胁迫使光合性能受损,光合“源”的生产能力下降,直接影响到籽粒灌浆。拔节期水分胁迫使籽粒“库”形成受到一定阻碍,但由于后期仍维持较大的绿叶面积,使其粒重增加而得到部分补偿,故减产较轻。The causes of the yield diminution under water stress was investigated in the viewpoint of yield formation. It has been found that the degree of the diminution and the causees vary with the stages in which the water stress was practised. The most serious diminution was at Anthesis stage of the stress, followed by pistillate floret diffrentiation and filling stages, and the less diminution was observed at elongation stage. The causes of the diminution were possibly low leaf photosynthetic ability and small seed sink capacity as a result of dry matter supply reduced at Anthesis and floret differentiation stages of water stress, and low photosynthetic activity at filling stage. Water stress at elongation stage led to small sink capacity but high grain weight can be obtained, so the yield diminution was not serious.

关 键 词：玉米 水分胁迫 光合性能 经济产量 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]