应用双单倍体克服籼粳交的不亲和性初探  

Priliminary Study of Overcoming Incompatibility of Hybridization between Indica and Japonica Rice Via Dihaploid Method

作　　者：张建军[1] 范昆华[1] 章振华[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所,上海201106

出　　处：《作物学报》1995年第5期626-631,共6页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：Rockefeller Foundation;上海市科学技术发展基金资助项目

摘　　要：通过对籼粳交F_1体细胞愈伤组织的秋水仙素处理和四倍体花药培养,建成了水稻四倍体诱导及双单倍体分解系统。应用这一系统获得了44个籼粳交组合的双单倍体及其自交后代。对这些双单倍体及其后代的遗传分析表明,籼粳交育性可能受寡基因控制,双单倍体途径通过改变正常的世代交替过程,能部分克服籼粳交的不育性及倾籼或倾粳的偏态分离,并具有比F_2更丰富的遗传多样性。在双单倍体一代群体中,育性正常的植株约占40％,这是F_1所没有的类型。大多数育性正常的双单倍体一代植株,其自交后代仍将保持正常而稳定的育性。在双单倍体后代中,有45.06％的株系倾粳,35.80％的株系倾籼,19.14％的株系属中间型。籼粳双单倍体综合性状的稳定与常规育种相似,需较长时间。The system of tetraploids inducing and dihaploids divicing in Indica x Japonica crosses was established by chromosome doubling for the somatic calli from F1 hybrids and anther culture for the tetraploids. The dihaploids from 44 combinations and their selfed progenies were obtained by using the system. The genetic analysis showed that in Indica x Japonica crosses, the offspring segregated toward Indica type in conventional breeding or toward Japonica type in anther culture, this difficulty in rice breeding could be overcome by the dihaploid method. Some new genotypes which could not be obtained in F/s also could occur in dihaploids. About 40% plants possessed normal fertility in the first generation of dihaploids (DH1) and most of their selfed progenies would maintain normal fertility. In the selfed progenies of DH1, 45.06% plants seemed to be Japonica, 35.80% to be Indica and 19.14% to be intermediate. However, it was difficult to rapidly obtain stable materials from the dihaploid selfed progenies because of wide segregating and long segregating generations.

关 键 词：杂交 双单倍体 不亲和性 育性 籼稻 粳稻 

分 类 号：S511.203.5[农业科学—作物学]