天然气对室内空气污染的卫生评价  

Hygienic Evaluation of indoor Air Pollution Caused by Domestic Natural Gas

作　　者：王菊凝[1] 陈宝生[1] 刘光铨[1] 张月[1] 赵振华[1] 林莲卿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院环境卫生与卫生工程研究所,北京市环境保护科学研究院,北京市放射卫生防护所

出　　处：《环境科学》1995年第3期44-48,63,共6页Environmental Science

摘　　要：对比天然气与煤气、液化石油气在燃烧过程中对室内空气的污染，监测包括Ｂ（ａ）Ｐ的常规污染物，并测定了监测户的代表对象的尿１－羟基芘。对北京天然气从气原厂、中转门站至末端作了一年四季氡的浓度及变化的检测观察。为对３种燃气中有机成分进行分析，特殊设计了大流量采样装置采集了３种燃气的燃烧产物，并对３种燃气燃烧产物中颗料物上半挥发性有机物进行色质联机分析鉴定。结果表明室内常规污染物中颗粒物和ＣＯ在采暖季节均超标，但用天然气厨房为最低；ＮＯ２、ＣＯ２天然气组稍高；颗粒物中Ｂ（ａ）Ｐ量亦天然气组低；且户主对象尿中１－羟基芘也最低。３种燃气的有机成分煤气与液化石油气均较天然气复杂。氡在北京地区天然气中对室内的贡献占居民有效剂量不足１‰。与传统燃料相比，气体燃料均属清洁燃料，而３种气体燃料中，天然气较其他２种更为清洁。atural gas (NG) combustions was compared with coal gas and liquid petrol gas (LPG) in the causation of indoor air pollution. The routine pollutants including B(a)P have been monitored and the l-hydoxy pyrene in urine of the representative subjects measured.Radon concentration and its change in the NG used, starting from the source plant through transfer station .to the end users, has been investigated and measured during the four seasons of the year. To analyse organic components in 3 gases, a big volume sample collector has been designed. The semi-volatile organic comPOnents contained in the combustion products of the 3 gases have been identified by GC/MC. The results show that the levels of Particles and CO in the heating season were much higher than the standards, but they were the lOwest in NG; NO2 and CO, were a little higher in NGi B(a)P in particles and the l-hydoxy pyrene were the lowest in NG. The organic compositions of coal gas and LPG were more complicated than that of NG. Radon in the NG from Beijing contributed less than 1%, of effective dose to indoor air quality of the POpulation. Compared with the traditional fuels, the gas fuel are the cleanest ones, and the NG is cleaner than other two.

关 键 词：天然气 室内空气污染 有机物 氡 环境监测 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X831.02