湿空气动力学中若干问题的探讨  

AN APPROACH TO THE DYNAMICS OF MOIST AIR

作　　者：王兴荣[1] 吴可军[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省气象科学研究所,合肥230061

出　　处：《气象科学》1995年第1期9-17,共9页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

摘　　要：本文根据一定的观测事实，通过引进凝结几率函数的非静力平衡参数，建立了不一定饱和湿空气不以静力平衡为基础的P坐标动力学方程组。依据这个方程组，得到以下结论：1、湿平衡风平行于等位势线，风速正比于位势梯度和非静力平衡参数，一般小于地转风；2、暴雨地区急流的超地转现象并不是饱和湿空气的难平衡现象，而是与急流加强减弱有关的不平衡现象；3、在平衡条件下，风速随高度的变化可近似用湿热成风方程来计算；当地转风与热成风方向的交角不超过90℃时，湿热成风风速比实测的风速随高度变化大。A set of dynamic equations in p coordinates system governing the moist air whether it is saturated or not, which is not based on the static equilibrium presumption is founded by introducing the conceptions of Condensation Probability Function and Static Nonequilibrium Parameter. Following conclusions are infered by applying the equations to the heavy rain: (1)The direction of the geostrophic equilibrium wind of moist air is parellel to the equipotential lines, its wind speed is less than that of geostrophic wind and proportional to the potential gradient and the Static Nonequilibrium Parameter.(2)The supergeostrophic behavior of low level jet streams is caused by the nonequilibrium relating to the jet strengthening or weakening instead of the quasi-equilibrium of the saturated moist air.(3)Under the condition of moist equilibrium winds veering with height may be approximately estimated by the moist thermal wind equation. As long as the included angle between the geostrophic wind and the thermal wind is less than 90°,the estimated moist thermal wind is greater than the real measurement.

关 键 词：湿空气 动力学 风速比 湿热成风 大气动力学 

分 类 号：P433[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]