“七五”南方稻区水稻区域试验品种分析及育种展望  

ANALYSIS OF THE VARIETIES FROM SOUTH CHINA RICE REGIONAL TEST DURING“7TH FIVE-YEAR PLAN”PERIOD AND THE FUTURE BREEDING PROSPECT

作　　者：杨仕华[1] 熊振民[1] 陈志谦 蔡国海[1] 谢芙贤[1] 张国华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1995年第A01期49-55,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

摘　　要：据南方稻区水稻区域试验资料分析，“七五”早中熟早籼、中熟早籼、中籼、晚籼和晚粳参试品种平均相对产量（以对照品种绝对产量为１００）分别为１０２．５、１０５．３、９６．０、９７．７和１０３．０。与“六五”相比，平均相对产量早中熟早籼、中熟早籼和中籼分别提高５．９、４．２和４．８，达显著水平；晚粳提高２．２，不显著；晚籼降低９．７，达极显著水平。在比对照增产显著的品种中，早中熟早籼和中熟早籼具有较好的稳产性和适应性，中籼适应性较好，稳产性欠佳，晚籼和晚粳则稳产性较好，适应性欠佳。在产量性状方面，每穗实粒数增加是增产的最主要因素。早籼（早中熟早籼＋中熟早籼）、中籼、晚籼和晚粳对稻瘟病、白叶枯病、褐飞虱具单抗以上品种比率分别为４２．４％、７７．３％、７２．７％和７７．８％，分别比“六五”增加２２．４％、２３．５％、２７．２％和２２．２％。早籼、中籼、晚籼和晚粳稻米品质性状平均达标率分别为３６．７％、４３．１％、５４．０％和７７．８％，与“六五”相比未见明显改善。According to the data from South China rice regional trial,the average relative yield (ARY,against 100 as absolute yield of the check varieties)of the varieties of early-medium-maturing early indica(EMMEI),medium-maturing early indica(MMEI),middle indica(MI),late indica(LI) and late japonica( LI )were 102.5,105.3,96.0,97.7 and 103.0 respectively during“7th Five-year Plan”period(1986～1990).As compared with“6th Five-year Plan”period(1983～1985) ,the ARY of EMMEI,MMEI and MI were increased by 5.9,4.2 and 4.8 respectively at 0.05 significant level,the ARY of LJ was increased by 2.2 without significance at 0.05 level,and that of LI was decreased by 9.7 at 0.01 significant level.EMMEI and MMEI have better yield stablity and adaptability,and MI has better adaptability but not better yield stability, while LI and LJ have better yield stability but not better adaptability.In yield characters,the main factor of yield increases is the increases of filled grains per panicle.The percentage of varieties with single and more resistance to blast,bacterial leaf blight and brown planthopper of EI(EMMEI and MMEI),MI,LI and LJ are 42.4%,77.3%,72.7% and 77.8% respectively,increased by 22.4%,23.5%,27.2%and 22.2%comparing with those of“6th Five-year Plan”period。The average standard-reaching percentage of grain quality traits of EI,MI,LI and LJ are 36.7%,43.1%,54.0%and 77.8%respectively,their grain qualities were not improved obviously as compared with those of“6th Five-year Plan”period.

关 键 词：水稻 南方稻区 区域试验 抗性 米质 育种 

分 类 号：S511.022[农业科学—作物学] S511.03