我国甜菜杂交种的遗传基础  

THE GENETIC BASE OF SUGARBEET HYBRIDS IN CHINA

作　　者：张春来[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院甜菜研究所

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1995年第A01期81-89,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

摘　　要：我国甜菜育种工作已实现了由选择育种、杂交育种到杂种优势育种的过渡，育成了一批多粒型的含糖高、抗病性强的杂交种；培育雄性不育、多倍体的单粒型杂交种仍是育种的趋势。杂交种亲本系的利用更趋集中，范育１号８－８、３３４、双丰１号（Ｋ．Ｂｕｓ．ＣＬＲ）、双丰８号（Ｋ．Ｂｕｓ．Ｐ×ＵＳ_（２１５×２１６））和工农２０２Ａ（ＫＷ．Ｅｍｓ）等优良品系组配的杂交种占育成杂交种的１８．６％、１４．０％、１４．０％、９．３％和７．０％，种质基础更趋狭窄。我国甜菜杂交种亲本系的主要来源是，已育成优良品种的选择和杂交改良，诱变四倍体品系和回交转育雄性不育系。文中对拓宽甜菜杂交种遗传基础和培育丰产兼高糖型杂交种问题进行了初步探讨。The sugarbeet germplasm base in China has been summarized through the synthetic analysis of sugarbeet production and history of sugarbeet breeding and of genetic composition of regional trials of sugarbeet varieties in China from first cycle(1962)to sixth cycle(1991).It is indicated that the method of sugarbeet breeding in China has transformed from selection,crossing to hybrid heterosis breeding,and some hybrids with high sucrose content and disease resistance have been developed.The tendency of sugarbeet breeding is to breed male sterilic,polyploidic,monogerm hybrids.The utilization of sugarbeet breeding lines is tending to concentration.Fanyu l 8-8,334,Shuangfeng I (K.Bus.CLR),Shuangfeng 8(K.Bus.P×US(215×216))and Gongnong 202A(KW. Ems)were widely used as parents in hybrids for 18.6%,14.0%,14.0%,9.3% and 7.0% of the total of hybrids,respectively.The sugarbeet genetic base of China tends to narrow. The predominant source of new breeding line development was selection and crossing to improve the superior cultivars,inducing tetraploid,and backcross transferring male steriles.It is very important to broaden the genetic base of sugarbeet hybrids by introducing sugarbeet germplasm,improving population by selection,crossing and recurrent selection and biotechnology and interspecific hybridization.Problems about breeding hybrids with high root yield and sucrose content are also discussed.

关 键 词：甜菜 杂交种 四倍体品系 雄性不育系 遗传基础 

分 类 号：S566.303.5[农业科学—作物学]