一种简单快速的发育毒性初筛方法──水螅试验  

A SIMPLE,RAPID PRESCREEN OF DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICI-TY-HYDRA ASSAY

作　　者：王彦泓[1] Hohn.,EM 

机构地区：[1]天津市计划生育研究所

出　　处：《癌变．畸变．突变》1995年第2期108-112,共5页Carcinogenesis,Teratogenesis & Mutagenesis

摘　　要：成熟水螅和其人工胚胎与受试物接触后，按照它们各自的形态学变化即可评价受试物的发育毒性。Ａ／Ｄ比是评价发育毒性的一个指标，即以成熟水螅的最低毒性浓度为分子，以人工胚胎的最低毒性浓度为分母计算得出的比值。当Ａ／Ｄ大于或等于３时，受试物有发育毒性，即在低于母体毒性时就可有害于胚胎；当Ａ／Ｄ小于３时，受试物无发育毒性，即只在母体产生毒性反应时才对胚胎有不利影响。由水螅试验得出的一些化合物的Ａ／Ｄ比与已报道的标准动物试验得出的Ａ／Ｄ比二者间的符合率达９３％。本测试方法无假阴性结果，假阳性结果约为７％，测试一个样品只需１５ｄ的时间，整个操作过程简单快速，易于掌握。因此不失为一较好的发育毒性初筛方法。Adult hydra and artificial'embryos’composed of randomly reaggregated cells ofdissociated hydra were exposed to test chemicals. According to their morhological changes,the developmental toxicity could be evaluated,The A/D ratio is a index of selective develop-mental toxicity. The lowest concentration killing adult hydra is the numerator,and the lowestconcentration disrupting development of 'embryo' is the denominator of a ratio. When A/Dequals to or larger than 3 ,the chemical tested possesses developmental toxicity,i.e.,it is ca-pable of disrupting the conceptus at a small fraction of the minimal dose toxic to adult;whenA/D is smaller than 3,the test chemical does not possess developmental toxicity,i.e., it iscapable of disrupting development of the conceptus only at the concentration toxic to adult aswell.The A/D ratios of many chemicals from the hydra assay were compared to the A/D ratioscalculated from published reports employing standard laboratory animals,the coincidence ishigher than 93%,no false negative and the percentage of false positive is about 7%. It onlyneeds fifteen days for testing one chemical.The whole procedure of this method is simple,rapid and easy to perform. This is a method good for prescreen developmental toxicants.

关 键 词：发育毒性 鉴定 水螅试验 

分 类 号：R991[医药卫生—毒理学]