茶皂素在血吸虫病防治上应用的研究Ⅰ．茶皂素对血吸虫中间宿主钉螺的杀灭效果  

Study on the Application of Tea Saponin in the Prevention and Cure of Schistosomiasis I.Using Tea Saponin as the Molluscicide to Oncomelania,the Intermediate Host of Schistosomiasis

作　　者：张楚霜[1] 周利红[1] 朱金华[1] 夏春华[1] 朱全芬[1] 柳荣祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省寄生虫病防治研究所,中国农业科学院茶叶研究所

出　　处：《茶叶科学》1995年第1期65-70,共6页Journal of Tea Science

基　　金：世界银行血防科研贷款资助项目

摘　　要：用茶皂素对日本血吸虫中间宿主钉螺进行杀灭试验，初步结果表明：不同类型的茶皂素浸杀成螺、幼螺和螺卵均有较好的杀灭效果。其中茶皂素Ⅰ２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，茶皂素Ⅱ、Ⅲ５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，浸杀钉螺效果均为１００％。喷杀成螺所需浓度较高，效果也稍差。茶皂素对淡水鱼类虽有一定毒性，但比氯硝柳胺毒性低得多，茶皂素Ⅰ在１．６ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，茶皂素Ⅱ、Ⅲ在４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，水温在２８℃，４８ｈ，鲢鱼全部存活。并且，药物资源丰富，价格低廉，对环境无污染，是一种具有开发前景的植物杀螺剂。文中还对不同类型茶皂素的毒性差异原因、施用浓度和方法进行了讨论。According to the experiments on Oncomelania,the intermediate host of Schistosom mansoni,tea saponin,used as the molluscicide,showed effective efficacy on the adult and juvenile snails and the snail eggs. Mortali-ties of 100% was obtained by immersing the molluse and their eggs with 2.5─5.0mg/L tea saponin solution,and of 82%─90%by spraying the adult snails with tea saponin under the dosages of 5─20g/m2.Teasaponin showed much lower toxicity to freshwater fish than Niclosamide,and its easy availability, low price botanieal origin and nonpollution made its broad developing prospects.Toxicity and operationtechniques of tea saponin as the molluxcicide was detailed.

关 键 词：茶皂素 钉螺 毒性 血吸虫病 防治 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]