永丰草地畜牧业生产系统分析  

System Andysis of Animal Husbandry Production on Yungfeng Grassland

作　　者：陈全功[1] 毛玉林[1] 朱兴运[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃草原生态研究所

出　　处：《草业学报》1995年第2期20-29,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：运用线性规划模型，对甘肃省天祝藏族自治县永丰草地的畜牧业生产进行了系统分析。结果表明：１）在保持现有牦牛、绵羊头数（牛１８０６７头、羊２６９１２只，总载畜量１１７２４７羊单位）和人工草地（１３３ｈｍ２）时，仅调整畜群结构，可使纯收益增加２０％；保持合理的畜群结构，不断提高牛、羊繁活率（最高达０．７和０．８５），纯收益的增幅不超过５０％。２）草地资源与季节放牧的分析表明，该草地系统更适合于牦牛的生产。３）冬春场是畜牧业生产的限制因子。若以４００ｈｍ２人工草地，配以畜群、畜种结构的调整，在牛羊繁活率为０．６和０．８时，与原生产系统相比，牛、羊出栏率和纯收益分别提高６％、１４％和１００％，总载畜量达１３３１７５羊单位，可作为在社会、生态、经济诸方面综合评价后的最佳生产方案。A linear program model was used to analysis the anjmal husbandry production system on Yungfenggrassland,Tianzhu Tibetan autonomous county,Gansu province. The results indicatecd that:1)at currentlevel of yak and sheep number(18067 yaks and 26912 sheep,about 117247 sheep units)and areas ofestablished hayland(13 3hm2),adjust of head /flock structure could increase the net income by 2 0 percent;with appropriate head/flock structure,the incrcase of net income by increased birth and survival rate of yakand sheep(at most 0.7 for yak and 0.85 for sheep)would be hardly above 50 percent.2)Analysis ofexisting grasslands resource and the seasonal pattern of utilization showed that the nati ve grasslands as aresource was more profitable for yak preduction.3)Winter-using grassland was a limiting factor to theanimal husbandry production.With 400 hm2 of estabushed hayland,adjusted head/flock structure and birthand survival rate 0.6,0.8 for yak and sheep seperately,yak and sheep output and net income of the wholesystem would be increased by 6, 14.8 and 100 pervent seperately,total stock number reaching 133175sheep units(22698 yaks and 19685 sheep).It was recommended as the optimum program of the local withsocial,ecolegical and economic considerations.

关 键 词：线性规划 载畜量 畜群结构 人工草地 出栏率 

分 类 号：S812.3[农业科学—草业科学]