粘土矿物对形成过渡带气的催化作用研究  

Research of Clay Minerals Catalysis on the Formation of Transitional Zone Nature Gas

作　　者：雷怀彦[1] 关平[1] 房玄[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州地质研究所

出　　处：《沉积学报》1995年第2期14-21,共8页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金："八五"国家重点科技攻关项目

摘　　要：本文分析了有机质在粘土矿物中的赋存状态，测定了粘土矿物的表面酸、实验模拟了低演化程度的烃源岩及其抽提物干酪根＋不同粘土矿物的催化机制、并通过粘土催化醇脱水反应对粘土过渡带有机质成气机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明，过渡带气的形成主要是受蒙脱石粘土矿物的催化所致，其原因是成岩过程中蒙脱石向混层矿物转化在蒙脱石晶间发生大量的铝代硅，因此在粘土表面产生电荷不平衡而形成酸性，井以路易斯酸和布郎酸作用于有机质，使碳－碳键发生断裂以形成气态烃。In this paper the existence style of hydrocarbons in the clay minerals has been analysed and the surface acid of clay minerals has been determined. Meanwhile, the simulating experiment has been carried out by mixing low-mature source rock and its kerogen extracts with different clay minerals. Through the experiment of alcohol dehydration reaction catalysed by clay minerals, the clay mineral catalysis of hydrocarbons to produce transitional zone nature gas has been discussed. The chief conclusions are as follows:Montmorillonite is the main catalyst for the formation of transitional zone nature gas because there are large amounts of Al3+ replacing Si4+ in its crystal layers when M→I/M transition occurs during diagenesis.As a result, the electric change balance on the surface of montmorillonite is destroyed to form surface acids such as Bronsted and Lowes acids which cause long chain hydrocarbons broken to produce light hydrocarbons with short chain.

关 键 词：粘土矿物 催化机理 过渡带气 天然气 矿化 

分 类 号：P618.130.5[天文地球—矿床学]