剑川鼠疫自然疫源地27种蚤类生态位研究  

The Niche of 27 Kinds of Flea in NaturaI PIague Focus of Jianchuan , Yunnan Province

作　　者：田杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省流行病防治研究所

出　　处：《地方病通报》1995年第3期27-32,共6页Endemic Diseases Bulletin

基　　金：云南省卫生厅青年科研基金

摘　　要：本文运用生态位理论和模糊聚类，对云南省剑川鼠疫自然疫源地的２７种蚤类的牛态位进行了研究，三维生态位最宽的是特新蚤，其次是斯氏新蚤，再次是人蚤；三维生态位元素多样性和均匀性最高的是特新蚤，其次是斯氏新蚤，再次是人蚤；这反映出这３种蚤的三维生态位元素结构和利用性差异较突出。将这２７种蚤划分为９个竞争性群，揭示出各种蚤之间的资源利用或适应模式的关系，这种模式不仅反应了各蚤之间的生态相似性，还在一定程度上反映了由资源利用或适应产生的竞争关系，且是相似、竞争和分离的综合表达。揭示出该地区的蚤类群落朝着有害的作用最小、减轻竞争压力的方向系统演化，且形成在灾变过程中能够互相替代的相对稳定的生态格局。Appling the theory of niche and fuzzy cluster,the niche of 27 kinds of flea has been studied natural plague focus of Jianchuan,Yunnan province. The 3-dimension niche breadth is maxmum for Neopsylla specialis,next for Neopsylla stevensi,third for Pulex irritans,and as well as in 3-dimension niche element di-versity and evenness. This reflects the point difference of the three fleas in 3-dimension niche element struc- ture and utilization or adaption. Because the niche overlap is intensity in one or two dimension of resource,niche separation is very much in other dimension of resource,27 fleas have been divided into 9 competition groups.The result reveals the relationships between their modes of resource utilization or adaption. The mode reflects not only ecological similarity between fleas,but also competition relationships caused by resource uti-lization or adaption to a certain extent,then it is comprehensive expression of the similarity,competition and separation. It makes suggestion that it tends to systermic evolution for the flea community facing lowest harm-ful action and reduction the pressure of competition,and forming the relatively stable ecology pattern of re-placement each other in catastrophic process. And it is a good approach to using overlap value between species as ecological similarity measurement in one or more resources dimension condition,forming fuzzy similarity matrix of comprehensively expressing similarity,competition and separation,then dividing and revealing the comprehensive relationships by means of fuzzy cluster.

关 键 词：蚤类 生态位 鼠疫 自然疫源地 云南 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]