中国大鲵侧线器官的研究  

THE LATERAL-LINE SENSE ORGANS OF ANDRIAS DAVIDIANUS

作　　者：程红[1] 黄世强[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学生命科学学院,北京100871 [2]北京动物园科研所,北京100044

出　　处：《动物学报》1995年第3期235-242,共8页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助课题;批文号:39070126

摘　　要：本文以光镜和扫描电镜手段研究了中国大鲵（Ａｎｄｒｉａｓ ｄａｖｉｄｉａｎｕｓ）幼体、亚成体及成体头部及躯干部表皮中的侧线器官，即电接受壶腹器官、机械接受的表面神经丘和陷器官的分布、形态和发展变化。壶腹器官仅存于幼体头部，变态结束后消失。后两种终生存在，但前者按一定路线和方向排列，后者仅存于头部，陷在表皮中。文章探讨了壶腹器官的原始性，其消失与生活习性以及由水登陆进化的关系；对三种器官的形态及其它有尾类的侧线器官进行了比较。The lateral line sense organs, including ampullary organs, surface neuromasts and pit organs in the skin of larval, juvenile and adult Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidi- anus), the specific protected aquatic urodele, were examined by using light and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The ampullary organs are electroreceptive, concentrating on the head and disappearing after metamorphosis. The fundamental structure of this organ consists of sensory cells, supporting cells, a few mantle cells and central canal lumen. The sensory cells are egg-shaped with obvious synaptic sphere on the base and around the lumen which connects to the surface by opening. The structures of two kinds of neuromasts including surface neuromasts and pit organs are similar to those in other urodeles, but the surface neuromasts arrange in definite lines and directions, and the other one arranging just on the head and sink in epidermis, communicating to the outside through canals. In discussion, stress is laid on the relation between the disappearance of the ampullary organs after metamorphosis and the evolution from water to land. The differences of these organs and comparison of these organs with those in other urodeles are also presented.

关 键 词：大鲵 中国大鲵 侧线器官 

分 类 号：Q959.520.4[生物学—动物学]