保护生物学概要  

A SURVEY OF CONSERVATION BIOLOGY

作　　者：季维智[1] 朱建国[1] 何远辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明动物研究所保护生物学中心,650223

出　　处：《Zoological Research》1995年第3期289-300,共12页动物学研究（英文）

摘　　要：保护生物学的形成是对生物危机的反应和生物科学迅速发展的结果。它是应用科学解决由于人类活动干扰或其它因素引起的物种,群落和生态系统出现的问题的新学科。其“目的是提供保护生物多样性的原理和工具”,是基础科学和应用科学的综合性交叉学科。系统学,生态学、生物地理学和种群生态学的原理和方法是保护生物学重要的理论和实践基础。物种资源的调查和持续利用,栖息环境的保护,种群生存力分析和遗传多样的保持,生物技术在迁地(ex situ)保护中的应用,合理的经济发展策略和保护政策等都是保护生物学的研究内容。总之,保护生物学帮助我们确定什么是自然保护的重点,如何避免物种灭绝和修复生态系统的损伤,寻找一种规律,为“纯”科学与管理实践间驾起一座桥梁。和其它新学科一样,保护生物学的含义和理论还在不断地发展和完善。本文就其基本概念、原理、研究内容和方法、保护策略和行动以及我国的情况作了概述。Conservation biology is partly a response to a biological crisis, partly a crystallization of older disciplines drawn apart by specialization and rapid advances in the biological sciences. It is a new stage in the application of sciences to conservation problems, addresses the biology of genes, species, and ecosystems that are perturbed, either directly or indirectly, by human activities or other agents. Its goal is to provide principles and tools for preserving biological diversity, which is a mission-oriented comprising both pure and applied sciences. The new systematics, ecology, biogeography and population biology are important fundament of the theory of conservation biology. The major study contents of biology conservation are: survey and sustainable utilizing the resources of biology; preserve habitat; population viability analysis (PAV) and maintaining genetic diversity; employing biotechnology in ex situ conservation as well as rational political planning for economy development and biodiversity conservation, etc. Conservation biology promises to help us decide what facts of nature to preserve, how to avoid extinctions, and how to restore ecological damage, to find a pattern bridging science and management. As any other young science, the principles of conservation biology are still rudimentary and have far to go. This paper is a summary of the concept, postulates and contents of conservation biology, as well as the strategies and actions of biodiversity protection and general picture of conservation biology in China.

关 键 词：生物学 保护生物学 生物多样性 

分 类 号：Q1－0[生物学—普通生物学]