“缺体回交法”选育普通小麦异代换系方法的研究  

Studies on the Nullisomic Backcrossing Procedures for Producing Alien Substitution Lines of Common Wheat

作　　者：张学勇[1] 李振声[1] 陈漱阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北植物研究所

出　　处：《Acta Genetica Sinica》1989年第6期420-429,共10页

摘　　要：利用从蓝单体自交分离得到的自花结实的4D缺体小麦(缺72180、缺天选15)作母本与3个不同的八倍体小偃麦(小偃784、小偃7631和小偃78829)杂交,再以缺体作为轮回亲本,从F_1或F_2开始连续回交1—2次,在回交中,缺体无论作父本或母本都得到了异代换系,并且发现:(1)在回交过程中,用缺体作母本比作父本更为有效;(2)F_1自交,在F_2群体中选择生长比较正常,染色体数比较少的植株回交,比F_1作母本直接回交效果更好。并对所得的异代换系的特征特性进行了初步的观察研究,发现中间偃麦草(Agropyron intermedium2n=42) 4E染色体(以下用4Ei表示)、长穗偃麦草(Agropyron clongatum 2n=70)的4E染色体(带蓝粒基因,以下用4Ee表示)和4F染色体(带毛叶基因,以下用4Fe表示)均能正常补偿小麦4D染色体。异代换系生长旺盛,育性正常。初步总结了缺体与八倍体小偃麦杂交,回交过程中异代换系的形成规律,证明了“缺体回交法”可以推广应用于八倍体小偃麦等人工合成的新物种,以选育普通小麦异代换系。Hybridizing fertile 4D nullisomics derived from blue-grained monosomics of common wheat (Triticum aestivum 2n= 42) varieties 72180 and Tian Xuan 15 with 8X Agrotriticum (2n=56) 784,7631,78829,then backcrossing the Ft or F?plants for 1-2 generations with the fertile 4D nullisomic lines,no matter whether the 4D nullisomics as male or female in the backcrossing process,aliea substitution lines were produced.It was found that 1) in the backcrossing process,nulJisomics as female was more efficient than as male for developing alien substitution lines; 2) selecting vigorous plants with 41-44 chromosomes in the F1 population and backcrossing them with 4D fertile nullisomics as female was more efficient than beginning backcrossing at F1 with nullisomics as male for production of alien substitution lines.At the same time,agricultural and biolgical characteristics of new 4Ag (4D) substitution lines were studied.The 4Ee (4D) blue-grained,4Fe (4D) hair leaf new substitution lines of T.aestivum-Ag.elongatum (2n=70) and 4Ei (4D) substitution lines of T.aestivum-Ag.intermedium (2n=42) were vigorous in vegetative growth and fertile in seed seting.

关 键 词：小麦 缺体 回交 八倍体 异代换系 

分 类 号：S512.103.5[农业科学—作物学]