中华猕猴桃（Actinidia Chinensis）雌雄异株性状变异的研究  

Variation of Dioecism in Actinidia chinensis

作　　者：朱道圩[1] 张俊华[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学园艺系

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》1995年第1期1-5,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

摘　　要：通过２ａ调查，发现了介于中华猕猴桃雌株与雄株之间的中间类型，但该类型数量稀少，在野生群体中只占０．５％左右。雌雄异株性状的变异可以从雌株、雄株以及中间类型的花器发育水平上体现。雌花的雌蕊可育，但花粉没有生活力；雄花雌蕊败育，但花粉正常；而中间类型花朵的雌蕊部分发育，而且花粉也有生活力。仅在雌株与中间类型上可以见到明显的“柱头一花柱”结构，但二者在柱头表面乳突的密度与发育水平上显著不同。中间类型花朵的柱头上乳突稀少，而且部分萎陷；花粉粒能在其柱头上发芽，但大多数花粉管不能伸入柱头组织。中间类型的发现不仅对研究雌雄异株性状的演化有一定意义，而且也为培育中华猕猴桃雌雄同株新品种奠定了基础。A survey of dioecism variation in Actinidia chinensis has been proceeded for twoyears.Intermediate vines with bisexual flowers between male and female vines were found,butthe percentage of the vines was rare ,only 0. 5% in wild population. The variation of dioecismcan be found in the developmental lever of the floral organs among the three types of vines.Female vine bears pistillate flowers with fertile pistil and non-viable pollen grains; Male vinebears staminate flowers with abortive pistil and viable pollen grains ; Whereas the intermediatevine bears bisexual flowers with partially developed pistil and viable pollen graim. Only in pis-tillate and bisexual flowers the evident stigma-style structure can be found ,but the density anddevelopment of the papillae on stigma surface is different between the two types of flowers.The papillae in bisexual flower are in a very low density and partially collapsed. Moreover ,thepollen grains can germinate on the stigma surface of bisexual flower but most pollen tubes areunable to penetrate into stylar canal.

关 键 词：中华猕猴桃 雌雄异株 性状变异 猕猴桃 

分 类 号：S663.902.4[农业科学—果树学]