河西走廊1994－04－08浮尘暴·黄沙的气象特征和大气气溶胶测定  

Meteorological Characteristics of the Surface Dust Storm Bearing Yellow Sands Occurred on 8 April 1994 in the Hexi(Gausu)corridor and the Determination of Atmospheric Aerosol.

作　　者：全浩[1] 乔世俊 魏群 

机构地区：[1]中日友好环境保护中心,甘肃省环境保护研究所

出　　处：《环境科学》1995年第1期54-57,共4页Environmental Science

摘　　要：报道１９９４－０４－０７—１９９４－０４－０８河西走廊形成浮尘暴·黄沙天气过程、气象观测和大气总悬浮微粒（ＴＳＰ）测定结果，说明我国西北地区发生的浮尘暴·黄沙天气的气象及大气气溶胶特点。嘉峪关和酒泉一带是这次黄沙的中心；酒泉等地的ＴＳＰ浓度高达３８．００ｍｇ／ｍ３，室内ＴＳＰ浓度高达８．６３ｍｇ／ｍ３，自然降尘浓度达２９６．２２ｔ／（ｋｍ２·月）；黄沙云高约２０００—３０００ｍ；主要组成元素Ｓｔ、Ａｌ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ和Ｔｉ等含量上升；黄沙沿嘉峪关、酒泉、金昌、兰州和北京渐次减少；１９９４－０４－１１的２：００在甘肃省大部分地区出现了哈布（Ｈａｂｏｏｂ）现象。建议今后对尘暴·黄沙的研究还应测定黄沙气溶胶浓度、粒度分布和不同粒度微粒的化学组成，测定雨土、降水、降尘和气温的变化。The process of forming the weather characterized by the surface dust storm bearing yellow sands occurred on 7--8 April 1994 in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province,and the results from both the meteorological observation and the determination of atmospheric total suspended particulates (TSP) were reported, along with describing the meteorology and the characteristics of a atmospheric aerosol while a weather of surface dust storm bearing yellow sands being occurred in northwest China. This surface dust storm was centred on the area of Jiayuguan and jiuquan, where it was found to have a TSP concentration of up to 38. 00mg/m3,an indoor TSP level of 8. 63 mg/ m3, a natural dust deposition intensity of 296. 22 t/(km2. month),a cloud of yellow sands raising up to an altitude of about 2000 to 3000 m,and an increase in the levels of main constituting elements such as Si,Al,Ca Fe,Mg,Mn and Ti.The atmospheric contents of yellow sands were being progressively decreased along the line from Jiayuguan, Jiuquan, Jincang, Lanzhou to Beijing as the distance increased.Then,at 2 AM on 11 April,the Haboob phenomenon occurred in most parts of the Gansu Province.It was suggested that in a future study on the dust storm bearing yellow sands,measurements should be made also on the concentration of yellow sand aerosol,the distribution of its particle sizes,the chemical compositions in the particles of different sizes,and the changes in rainbotne soils, rainfall, dust deposition, and air temperature.

关 键 词：浮尘暴 黄沙 TSP 哈布现象 河西走廊 气溶胶 

分 类 号：X513.02[环境科学与工程—环境工程]