He－Ne激光对小麦属间杂交影响的研究  

A study of the effect on wheat distant hybridization by He-Ne laser irradiation

作　　者：张显志[1] 曾级芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学

出　　处：《激光杂志》1995年第2期83-88,共6页Laser Journal

摘　　要：１９８８～１９９２年，作者采用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光辐照黑麦花粉与杂交相结合的方法，对小麦属间杂交（普通小麦×黑麦）进行了研究。属间杂交所获种子的结实率极显著高于对照，为１１３．２５～３４１．６０％。籽粒千粒重和饱满度均超过对照，差异极显著。Ｌ＿１代籽粒出苗率和植株成活率分别比对照提高５８．１８～８３．０６％，４１．３５～８７．７８％，差异均超过极显著水平。Ｌ＿１代种子、植株和穗的大多数形态特征呈中间型或似父本，其余特点象母本。在Ｌ＿１代植株中均获得了染色体自然加倍的双二倍体，即小黑麦种子。现已获得了Ｌ＿１、Ｌ＿２、Ｌ＿３和Ｌ＿４代的小黑麦后代材料。Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光诱变小麦属间杂交，使杂种染色体自然加倍，为小麦属间杂交育种工作提供了新的简便途径。This paper reports a new method for combine of rye having irradiated by He Ne laser or hybridization , the intergenus crosses of common wheat(Triticum aestirum) × rye(secale cereale ) were carried out in 1988～1992.The treated group increase remarkable in the rate of bearing seed 113. 52～301.60%,more than control. Thousand kernel weight or plumpness of seeds are promirenent higher than C.K.. The rate of emergence and survival rate of L_1 seeds by 58.18～83.06%or 41.35 ～ 87.78%more than control , differences are most significance level. Most characteristics of L_1 seed , plant and spike look like their paternal rye or present intermediate type,others like their maternal wheat. With the chromosome being doubled naturally,the diploid seeds,namely triticale are obtained from L_1 plants. Posterity of triticale are obtained from L_1,L_2, L_3 or L_4 plants.The hybrid chromosome nature being doubled,mutant intergeneric crossing of wheat was induced with He-Ne laser ,and so this provided a new simple channel on wheat distant hybridization.

关 键 词：小麦 黑麦 属间杂交 氦氖激光 辐照 

分 类 号：S512.035[农业科学—作物学]