不同施氮时期对冬小麦子粒蛋白质组分及其动态变化的影响  

Effect of nitrogen application timing on protein constitutes and its dynamic change in wheat grain

作　　者：石书兵[1] 马林[2] 石庆华[2] 刘霞[1] 陈乐梅[2] 刘建喜[2] 王振林[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2005年第4期456-460,共5页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30270781);农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项项目(2003-02-05A)资助。

摘　　要：2002 ～ 2003年在新疆乌鲁木齐和昌吉两个试验点,进行新疆不同栽培条件下氮肥施用时期对冬小麦子粒产量和蛋白质组分变化的研究.试验结果表明,在氮肥施用量一定的情况下,拔节期施氮处理小麦产量显著高于返青期和孕穗期施氮的处理,说明拔节期施氮有利于实现小麦高产.在新疆冬小麦栽培条件下,随施氮时期后移,子粒清蛋白和球蛋白含量有所减少,而醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白的含量增加; 孕穗期施氮可以明显提高子粒麦谷蛋白的含量,有利于小麦加工品质的改善.不同施氮时期对小麦产量和品质的影响不同,施氮时期后移能提高小麦子粒的麦谷/醇溶比值; 但不同品种在不同地区种植,其施氮时期后移的效应存在一定的差异.A field experiment was conducted in Urumqi and Changji to investigate the effect of nitrogen application timing on protein constitute and its dynamic change in wheat grain during 2002-2003. Split plot design was adapted in this experiment. Two cuhivars, GC8901 and XD23, as main plots and N application timing, top-dressing at re-greening （RG）, jointing（JT） and booting（BT） stage, respectively, as subplots. The results showed that under the condition of same N application rate, wheat yield in the treatment of RG was significant higher than that of JT and BT, which indicated that top-dressing N at jointing stage was of great advantage to get a higher grain yield. The albumin and globulin content of grain decreased and gliadin and glutenin increased due to the lag of N application timing. It was observed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer at booting stage could increase glutenin content markedly, which was favorable for the improvement of wheat processing quality. Whereas, we could conclude that the responses of wheat quality to nitrogen application timing was not in agreement with that of grain yield of wheat. The ratio of glutenin to gliadin was enhanced due to the lagging of N application, but the response of different cultivars on the lagging of N application varied with the change of plantingloci.

关 键 词：冬小麦 施氮时期 蛋白质组分 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]