不同寄主植物对山楂叶螨生长发育和繁殖的影响  

Influence of host plant species on the development and reproduction of hawthorn spider mite Tetranychus viennensis Zacher

作　　者：李定旭[1] 侯月利[2] 沈佐锐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院昆虫系,北京100094 [2]河南科技大学园林系,洛阳471003

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第7期1562-1568,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十五"攻关课题资助项目(2001BA50PB01);河南省科技厅资助项目(0324100004)~~

摘　　要：室内采用叶碟饲养的方法研究了苹果、桃、李、樱桃和杏等不同果树对山楂叶螨Tetrancychusvienensis生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,在李树上山楂叶螨的发育历期短、生殖力强、存活率高,rm值大,而在樱桃和杏树上该螨的发育历期长、生殖力弱、存活率低、rm值小。寄主转换试验结果表明,当山楂叶螨由苹果转移至樱桃和杏树时,其生长发育的历期显著延长,rm值大幅度降低;而由苹果转移至桃树和李树时,其生长发育的历期虽也有所延长,但差异不显著,rm值则明显降低。表明山楂叶螨对新寄主的适应因不同寄主而异,在桃和李上经历1代后即可适应,而在杏和樱桃上经历2代后才能适应新的寄主。Hawthorn spider mite （HSM）, Tetranychus viennensis Zacher, is an important and damaging pest in apple orchards worldwide and has become the most serious pest on apple in north China. The hosts of this pest are mainly fruit trees of the family Rosaceae. To assess host suitability of deciduous fruit trees in family Rosaceae, a leaf disc bioassay was employed to investigate the influence of five species of deciduous fruit trees, which included apple, peach, plum, cherry, and apricot, on the development and reproduction of HSM in laboratory at 25 ± 1C, 60 ± 10% RH, and 16L：8D. This was done by determining the developmental durations of each life stages, intrinsic rate of population increase（rm）, net reproductive rate（R0）, mean generation time （T）, finite rate of increase （λ）,and the times needed to double population size （Dt）, of the spider mites on various species of host plants. To evaluate the adaptability of the mite to novel host plants, the same parameters were determined for three consecutive generations after HSM were transferred to other host species from apple on which the mites were reared. Difference of the life table parameters of the mite among host pants tested were analyzed with Jackknife methods. The results showed that there were significant differences in the durations of different developmental stages, fecundity, egg production per day, R0, rm, T, λ, and Dt when reared with these host plants. Complete developmental period of HSM was the shortest （10.912 ± 0.476 days for females and 10.583 ± 0.404days for males） when fed peach and the longest （13. 279 ±1.315 days for females and 12. 367 ± 0. 915 days for males） when fed cherry. However, plum might be more suitable for HSM among the plants tested due to shorter developmental period, higher value of R0,λ, and rm （34. 359, 1.1893 and 0.1734 respectively）, while cherry might be less suitable for the mite due to longer developmental periods, lower values of R0, λ, and r,（13. 7131,1. 1383 and 0. 1295; 13.

关 键 词：山楂叶螨 苹果 桃 李 杏 樱桃 内禀增长率 

分 类 号：S436.6[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]