综合构成指数在森林生态系统健康评估中的应用  

Health assessment on forest ecosystem by using integrated compose index (ICI)

作　　者：陈高[1] 邓红兵[2] 代力民[3] 吴钢[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第7期1725-1733,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(70325002);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助项目(2003CB415104);国家自然科学基金资助项目(NSFC70373044)~~

摘　　要：首次提出综合构成指数(IntegratedComposeIndex,ICI)模型ICI=ln∑B×∑IV×CAV。通过选取目前长白山阔叶红松林生态系统区主要林分类型(原始阔叶红松林,不同干扰模式造成的择伐林、次生白桦林和人工落叶松林等)共29块样地进行群落结构和生物量调查,以原始阔叶红松林作为健康基准,定量评估了各受损生态系统的健康现状及恢复趋势。结果表明综合构成指数是一种易操作的能定量描述受干扰系统健康差距的度量方法。利用分层[主林层(H≥18m)、亚主林层(18m>H≥10m)、演替层(10m>H≥2.5m)和更新层(H<2.5m)]的综合构成指数值可定量不同干扰模式造成的受损系统与健康基准之间的健康差距。健康基准是12.77,与之差距越大,表明受干扰破坏越大,系统健康程度越低。29块样地分为8个类型,6个受干扰类型依距离原始健康基准的远近排序为:结构转换型0.64<结构破坏型0.75<结构保留型0.85<严重干扰类型1.95<白桦林系列2.07<人工落叶松系列2.89。综合构成指数的上层(主林层和亚主林层)指数能表示群落结构现状和目前处于演替阶段的位置;下层(演替层和更新层)指数能表示群落向健康基准类型恢复的潜力,值越大,潜力越大。上下两层综合能说明群落受到干扰的强度和后果。上下两层差值D对于阔叶红松林生态系统来说,健康基准类型D位于0.28～0.35之间,如0<D<0.28说明目前群落结构还是针阔混交类型,但群落上层的针叶树(主要是红松)比例明显减少;或者群落受干扰,下层结构活跃,红松更新现象明显。D>0.35说明群落主林层和亚主林层的阔叶树种受到干扰破坏,且红松更新困难或还没大量更新。D≤0说明群落遭受很大强度的干扰,如70%以上的生物存量被破坏取走,或直接导致裸地重新发育演替的白桦林、营造人工落叶松林等情况,差值D越大,红松的侵入程度越高,红松更新状况良好,该群落向�Integrated comapose index （ICI） model, ICI = In（∑B×∑IV×CAV）, was first put forward to and used in this study. Twenty nine plots were selected in original broadleaved and Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China, to investigate the structure and biomass of various disturbed conifer hardwood mixed selective cutting forests, secondary birch forests and larch plantation forests. Original broadleaved and Korean pine was viewed as a healthy benchmark. The health states and developing trends of various disturbed ecosystems were quantitatively assessed by ICI. The results indicts that ICI is a new practical and easily operational assessment method on forest ecosystem health. The vertical structure of stand was divided into four layers by tree height. They are upper overstory （H ≥18m）, subdominant overstory （18〉H≥10m）, succession layer （10m〉H≥2.5m） and regeneration-layer（H〈2.5m）. The ICI values of each layer were calculated and analyzed to express the relationship between disturbance, succession and health. Twenty nine plots were divided into 8 categories; ICI distance values of 6 disturbed types were calculated. Compared with the original broadleaved and Korean pine mixed forest, the healthy standard forest type （at 12.77）, distance values of each disturbed type were as following；structure switched stand （at 0.64） 〈 structure destroyed stand （at 0.75） 〈 structure reserved stand （at 0.85） 〈 heavy destroyed stand （at 1.95） 〈 birch stand （at 2.07） 〈 larch plantation （at 2.89）. The stronger stress on ecosystem, the bigger distance value, the lower degree of ecosystem health is. The ICI of overstory layer （i.e. upper canopy overstory and subdominant overstory） can express structure condition and succession stage of community, and ICIof understorylayer （i.e. of successionlayer and regeneration-layer） can suggest resilience to healthy ecosystem, the higher ICI value, the bigger resilience is. Hence, the intensity and

关 键 词：生态系统健康 综合构成指数 阔叶红松林 干扰 

分 类 号：S718.557[农业科学—林学]