制度演化的一种可能机制——外部性的转化和平衡  

An Possible Evolutionary Mechanism of Institutions——the Transformation and Equilibrium of Externalities

作　　者：龚小庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学,浙江杭州310035

出　　处：《商业经济与管理》2005年第8期14-18,共5页Journal of Business Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70271076);浙江省高校青年教师资助计划

摘　　要：经济系统是一个由相互作用着的主体构成的关系网络。产权是有价值的规则系统,产权的价值是在主体之间相互作用的过程中确定的,它因人而异和因时而异的,这就使得产权的交换和产权结构演化成为可能。经济系统中主体的“生态位”是指该主体所拥有的产权以及相应的行为规则集合。生态位的重叠导致外部性的产生,而制度的涌现和演化过程就是外部性的产生、转换和平衡过程。An economy can be considered as a network of interactions among the agents involved. Property rights are set of rules that have values. The values of property rights are determined in the process of interactions among agents. The values of property rights are different in different times and are different for different agents , that makes it possible for exchanging property rights among agents and evolution of property rights. The “niche” of an agent can be considered as the set of property rights that the agent possesses. The overlap of niches means that the intersection of property rights are not empty. The overlap of niches results in the externality, and the emergences and evolutions of institutions are the processes in that the externalities are produced, translated and balanced.

关 键 词：制度 产权 生态位 外部性 演化 

分 类 号：F224[经济管理—国民经济]