环境因子对苋菜碳、氮代谢关键酶及抗氧化酶活性的影响  

Effects of environmental factors on key carbon-nitrogen metabolizing and antioxidizing enzyme activities of Amaranthus.

作　　者：隋益虎[1] 朱世东[2] 张子学[1] 胡德平[1] 舒英杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽技术师范学院农学系,凤阳233100 [2]安徽农业大学园艺系,合肥230036

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2005年第8期925-929,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：安徽技术师范学院稳定人才自然科学基金资助项目(ZRC200433)。

摘　　要：研究了塑料大棚内光照强度、气温、地温、二氧化碳浓度及氮肥施量等5个环境因子、5个水平处理组合对春苋菜早熟栽培生理的影响。结果表明,在碳、氮代谢关键酶方面,不同氮水平下,光强、气温与硝酸还原酶(NR)活性(极)显著正相关,各处理组合中其活性次序为A(0网0膜)>B(0网1膜)>C(1网1膜)>D(2网1膜)>E(3网1膜),后4者分别比处理A(对照)降低了6.45%、34.21%、61.54%和63.78%;CO2浓度、气温和地温(极)显著影响磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)活性,处理B的PEPC平均活性最强,处理B、C、D、E的PEPC活性较A分别增加了59.69%、28.57%、-10.71%和-17.86%。在活性氧代谢方面,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与光强正相关,与CO2浓度负相关,大小表现为A>B>C>D>E;过氧化物酶(POD)活性与光强、气温(极)显著负相关,为A<B<C<D<E;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性与光强、气温(极)显著正相关,为B>A>C>D>E。POD在处理A、B、C中起保护作用,而在D、E中可能起伤害作用。各环境因子组合中,B(0网1膜:平均光强17800lx、地温21.2℃、气温23.5℃及CO2浓度1500μmol.mol-1)在施氮水平为N5(20kg.667m-2)时,各酶活协调性最好,可以实现苋菜的高产、高效和优质栽培。This paper studied the physiological indexes of Amaranthus cultivated in a big vinyl house in early spring under different combinations of five levels of sunlight intensity, air temperature, soil temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and nitrogen fertilization. The results showed that for carbon and nitrogen metabolism, nitrate reductase activity （NRA） had significantly positive correlations with sunlight intensity and air temperature at different nitrogen application levels, and the order was A （no net and no film）＞B （no net and one layer film）＞ C （ one layer net and one film） ＞ D （ two layers net and one film） ＞E （ three layers net and one film）. Compared with A （control）, the NRA of the other four treatments was decreased by 6.45 %, 34.21%, 61.54% and 63.78 % respectively. CO2 concentration and air and soil temperature affected the activity of PEPC significantly. Of all treatments, the PEPC activity in treatment B was the highest, and that of B, C, D and E was 59.69 %, 28.57 %, - 10.71% and - 17.86 % higher than A, respectively. For the metabolism of active oxygen system, SOD activity was positively correlated with sunlight, but negatively correlated with CO2 concentration, and the order was A＞B＞C＞D＞E. POD activity was negatively correlated with sunlight and air temperature, with the order of A〈 B〈 C〈 D〈 E, and CAT was positively correlated with sunlight and air temperature, with the order of B＞ A＞ C＞ D＞ E in all combinations. The enzyme activities of B with 20 kg·667m^-2, 17 800 lx sunlight intensity, 21.2 ℃ soil temperature, 23.5℃ air temperature and 1 500 μmol CO2·mol^-1 were the most cooperative, which made the Amaranthus cultivation technical system of “high yield,high efficiency and excellent quality” be possible.

关 键 词：环境因子 苋菜 大栅栽培 酶活 相关 

分 类 号：S636.4[农业科学—蔬菜学]