沙棘优良杂种选育研究  

Hybrids Breeding of Seabuckthorn for Multipurpose Use

作　　者：张建国[1] 黄铨[1] 罗红梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 [2]中国林业科学研究院磴口沙漠林业实验中心,内蒙古磴口015200

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2005年第4期381-386,共6页Forest Research

基　　金：国家863项目(2002AA241091);国家攻关项目(2002BA517A09-04)

摘　　要：以中国沙棘为父本,俄罗斯大果沙棘丘依斯克和蒙古大果沙棘乌兰格木两个栽培种为母本,开展了杂交选育研究,共择出5个优良单株,其中从中国沙棘与丘依斯克的杂交子代中选出3个优良单株(C1,C2,C3),从中国沙棘与乌兰格木的杂交子代中选出2个单株(C13,C16)。5个优良杂种单株树高、地径、冠幅均显著高于母本乌兰格木和丘依斯克,但与父本中国沙棘接近。杂种2年生枝棘刺数为2～3个,界于父母本之间,与中国沙棘相比,棘刺数减少85%以上。优良杂种单株果实百果质量为21.98～29.98g,明显小于母本,比中国沙棘提高9.6%～48.4%。研究还表明:沙棘果实百果质量与纵径、长宽比呈极显著相关,与横径有一定的相关,但未达到显著水平,果柄长与浆果果实大小没有相关性。种子千粒质量与其厚度达到极显著相关,与长度、宽度呈显著相关,与长宽比呈弱相关,未达到显著水平。In order to improve seabuckthom for both fruit production and for use in soil erosion control, Chinese Seabuckthom （ H. rhamnoides ssp. Sinensis） as male parent was crossed with Russian and Mongolian Seabuckthom（ H. rhamnoides ssp. Mongolica） as female parent. The Russian and Mongolian cultivars have large fruits and few or nearly no thorn, and were originated from the selection made in the Altai region. Cross pollination was started in 1996. Five hybrid individual tree were selected in 2003 , of which 3 individuals（C1, C2, C3 ） were from the crosses of Chinese（ ♂ ） to Russian（ ♀ ） culfivars and 2 （C13, C16 ） from crosses of Chinese（ ♂ ） to Mongolian（ ♀ ） cuhivars. Experimental results indicated that the selected 5 hybrids were significantly larger than the female parents in height, ground diameter and crown width , but close to the male parents . The number of thorns in 2-year-old branches of the hybrids was 2 - 3, fall between the numbers of thorns in male and female parents ,but a 85% reduction compared to Chinese cultivars. The 100-berry-weight of hybrids was 21.98 - 29.98 g, significantly smaller than that ofthe female parents, but 9.6 %- 48.8 % larger than that of the Chinese cultivars. ＇Fne results showed that the hybrids were intermediate in most characters compared with their parents. It also indicated significant correlation of 100-berry-weight with berry length and length/width ratio and weak correlation with berry width. It is obvious that fruit size is mainly determined by berry length. 1 000-seed-weight was significandy correlated with thickness, length and width of seeds, but not significantly correlated with length/width ratio.

关 键 词：沙棘 杂种 浆果 棘刺 选择 

分 类 号：S793.6[农业科学—林木遗传育种]