不同菜粕比例对肉鸡肝、肾及甲状腺组织的影响  

Histological Changes in Livers, Kidneys and Thyroid Glands of Broiler Chickens Fed on Different Rapeseed Meal

作　　者：包承玉[1] 徐福南[1] 邵春荣[1] 沙文锋[1] 孙有平[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,南京农业大学兽医系,江苏省农业科学院沿江地区农科所

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》1995年第3期23-28,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省应用基础研究项目

摘　　要：取同一工厂钝化菜粕Ｂ和普通预榨菜粕Ａ，分别含　唑烷硫酮（ＯＺＴ）１０６０、２０９０ｍｇ／ｋｇ；异硫氰酸盐（ＩＴＣ）１４５０、９７０ｍｇ／ｋｇ；腈（ＲＣＮ）１０７４、１１４７ｍｇ／ｋｇ，作为肉鸡饲粮组分。菜粕前期（１５～２８日龄）、后期（２９～４９日龄）各占饲粮的３％、６％、９％、１２％、１４％，在营养水平相等的条件下饲养，于２８、４９日龄末取肾、肝、甲状腺组织样本。切片光镜检查表明，甲状腺上皮细胞明显增生的比例，菜粕Ａ前期为９％，菜粕Ｂ前期为１２％，菜粕Ａ、Ｂ后期均为６％。日摄取甲状腺肿素ＯＺＴ、ＩＴＣ约为２０ｍｇ，主要使甲状腺上皮细胞增生成多层结构，腺腔消失或中央缩小，其中，菜粕Ａ比Ｂ损伤严重。肾小管上皮细胞明显变化的比例，菜粕Ａ前期为１２％，菜粕Ｂ前期为９％，菜粕Ａ、Ｂ后期均为６％，日摄取腈量约为７～１０ｍｇ，腈的毒性比ＯＺＴ、ＩＴＣ强２～３倍。肝组织，在短期饲喂菜粕时损伤不明显，比例达１４％时才出现病变。延续饲喂时间，并增加菜粕比例，会出现胆管、间质、窦内皮细胞增生，比例达１２％时肝细胞坏死。菜粕Ｂ会明显刺激肝微血管，出现透明血栓。菜粕使肝、肾组织普遍存在前期充血、后期郁血、致外形肿大等现象。从病理学?Abstract Common rapeseed meal (RSM-A) and inactivated rapeseed meal (RSM-B) containing 5-vinyloxazelidine-2-thione (OZT) 2090 and 1060 mg/kg, isothiocyanate (ITC) 970 and 1450mg/kg and nitrile (RCN) 1147 and 1074 mg/kg, respectively, were added in the diet at rates of3%,6%,9%,12% and 14% for broiler chickens of 15 49 days old. Samples of the thyroid gland,kidney and liver were microscopically examined. Significant hyperplasia of epithelial cells in the thyroid gland took place in the treatment of 9% RSM-A and the treatment of 12% B during the first 13 days of experiment, and in the treatments of 6% both A and B during the later 21 days. It was estimated that the daily intake of OZT plus ITC enough to cause thyroid gland swelling came roughly to 20 mg, which mainly harmed the gland epithelial cells, induced there hyperplasia and formation of polystrate structure and finally the reduction or even disappearance of the gland cavity. RSM-A sometimes even induced exudation of cell-like substances and red cells in interstitial oedema fruid and follicule fruid. Significant

关 键 词：菜粕 毒性 肝 肾 甲状腺 肉用鸡 病理组织学 

分 类 号：S831[农业科学—畜牧学] S852.31[农业科学—畜牧兽医]